Freudian Backlash Wanted to study psychologically healthy people People are more than just what’s below the surface Searching for the fundamental goodness in all people Open yourself to world around you and experience the joy in living

Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs Striving to be self- actualized Self-aware & self- accepting Open & spontaneous Loving & caring Secure in who they are Problem-solving & creativity peak

Carl Rogers Emphasizes the present experience Stressed the human aspect of experience Personal choice Interpersonal relationships Intentions Purposes Spiritual experiences

Carl Rogers People are basically good Actualizing tendency: inborn growth that motivates all people (personal blueprints) Genuineness, acceptance and empathy help us grow and fulfill our inborn potential

Genuineness Being open and aware of your own feelings Dropping your façade Being transparent and self-disclosing Being REAL

Acceptance Unconditional Positive Regard: love and acceptance regardless of circumstances Conditional positive regard doesn’t allow someone to become fully-functioning (Rogers’ term for self- actualization)

Empathy Listening, understanding, mirroring, and reflecting feelings Helping others know that you understand their feelings

Self-Concept The way you view yourself Hope for self-evaluation to be congruent with others’ evaluations of you Makes for healthy self- concept Discomfort when evaluations are incongruent

Conditions of Worth Feelings an individual experiences when the person, instead of the person’s behavior is being evaluated You are not supposed to color on the walls! Bad Owen! Evaluate behaviors not people!

Ideal vs. Perceived Selves Perceived Self = self concept Ideal self = perfect you What’s the difference?

Self-Serving Bias Readiness to perceive oneself favorably People accept more responsibility for successes than failures Most people see themselves as better than average Everyone can’t have an above average sense of humor!