The Industrialization of the Continent Catching Up to Britain,

Key Questions, 1/8 Compare and contrast the industrialization of the continent with that of Great Britain. Compare and contrast the industrialization of the continent with that of Great Britain. Analyze the role of the government in promoting economic growth in Europe up to Analyze the role of the government in promoting economic growth in Europe up to 1850.

France: +s and -s Advantages Large internal market Large internal market Skilled labor force Skilled labor force Tradition of high- quality and luxury goods Tradition of high- quality and luxury goods Avoided destabilizing effects of massive switch to machines Avoided destabilizing effects of massive switch to machinesDisadvantages Effect of French Rev. Effect of French Rev. Slow pop. growth Slow pop. growth Slow adoption of new tech. (only 20% of factories use steam by 1820) Slow adoption of new tech. (only 20% of factories use steam by 1820) Small farmers Small farmers

France: Industrialization without Revolution More gradual pace within more traditional framework More gradual pace within more traditional framework Focus more on high-quality, high-profit goods Focus more on high-quality, high-profit goods Slow development of credit institutions Slow development of credit institutions Government involvement to promote railroads and protectionism Government involvement to promote railroads and protectionism Avoided some of social problems associated with large cities Avoided some of social problems associated with large cities

Germany: +s and -s Advantages Good supply of coal and iron ore Good supply of coal and iron ore Skilled labor force Skilled labor force Rich agricultural sector Rich agricultural sector Strong craft tradition Strong craft traditionDisadvantages Political disunity Political disunity Still areas of serfdom Still areas of serfdom Often cut off from international trade (no colonies) Often cut off from international trade (no colonies) Often used traditional methods Often used traditional methods

Germany: Industrialization and Union Importance of Zollverein Importance of Zollverein Friedrich List—advocate for government promotion of economic growth Friedrich List—advocate for government promotion of economic growth Borrowed British methods Borrowed British methods Strong population growth Strong population growth Emphasis on heavy industry—coal, iron/steel, chemistry Emphasis on heavy industry—coal, iron/steel, chemistry Develop of railroads Develop of railroads

“Lands that Time Forgot”: Spain, Italy, Russia, E. Europe, etc. Advantages Not many Not many Sometimes had access to raw materials (Russia) Sometimes had access to raw materials (Russia) Sometimes tradition of skilled production (Italy, Netherlands) Sometimes tradition of skilled production (Italy, Netherlands)Disadvantages Geographical obstacles Geographical obstacles Traditional elites opposed Traditional elites opposed Big-ticket projects but lacked consistent attitude Big-ticket projects but lacked consistent attitude Lacked resources Lacked resources Serfdom Serfdom