Ch The Industrial Revolution Spreads
New Industrial Powers Emerge »Early, Britain had laws to protect start »1807, British mechanic William Cockerill opened factories in Belgium »Britain was then challenged
Nations Race to Industrialize »Belgium, Germany, France and the U.S. »More resources were available for some »Followed Britain’s lead »U.S. »Robert Fulton-Clermont »1900, US 30% of industrial goods »Germany »Strong after 1871
Uneven Development »Some nations developed slower »Lack of resources »Not enough capital »Took Russia another 100 years to industrialize »Japan was a success story »Prioritized industrialization »Got resources elsewhere
Effects of Industrialization »Men, women, and children worked long hours »Difficult and dangerous jobs »Huge quantities of new gods »Low prices
Steel Production and the Bessemer Process »Henry Bessemer created steel from iron in 1856 »Known as the Bessemer process »Steal »Lighter »Stronger then iron
Innovations in Chemistry »New products were created every day »1866 Alfred Nobel created dynamite »Left his money to create the Nobel Peace Prize
Electric Power Replaces Steam »Benjamin Franklin tinkered with electricity »Michael Faraday created the dynamo »Dynamo was like a generator »1870 Thomas Edison made the first electric light bulb »Factories could work at night
New Methods of Production »Interchangeable parts »Parts that could be replaced »Assembly line »Workers add parts as the product moves »Henry Ford used this method
The Automobile Age Begins »Nikolaus Otto »Invented a gasoline-powered internal combustion engine »1886 Karl Benz »First automobile-Three wheels »Gottlieb Daimler »First 4 wheeled car »Henry Ford took over the industry will FoMoCo - Ford Motor Company
Airplanes Take Flight »1903 Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the first flying machine »Kitty Hawk, North Carolina »Flew for a few seconds only »Commercial flights began in 1920
Rapid Communication »Samuel F.B. Morse developed the telegraph »Morse code »First telegraph from Washington, D.C. to Baltimore in 1844 »1860s trans-Atlantic cable was spread »1876 Alexander Graham Bell created the telephone »1890s Guglielmo Marconi invented the radio
Rise of Big Business »Investments were needed for expensive technology »Stock was born »Investments and part ownership of a company »Corporations come about »Businesses owned by many investors who buy share of stock
Move Toward Monopolies »Individuals controlled entire industrial areas »Created Cartels »Set prices and production amounts, charge what they want »Germany - Alfred Krupp »Steelmaking business »Bought up coal, iron, and ore deposits »John D. Rockefeller built Standard Oil Company »Owned wells, refineries, and pipelines