Hand Tools

Hammers Two types( claw and ball peen) Tough alloy, drop- forged steel, cast Claw hammer ( bell faced or flat faced) Claw hammer drives and pull out nails Ball peen hammer align brackets or reduce stress; Peening Engineer or machinist Classified by weight

Sledgehammer Double faced or crosspeen, depends on job Long handle or short handle Drive posts or stakes Break cast iron or concrete High carbon steel, 2-20 lbs.

Ripping Bar Pinch, pry, or wrecking bar Dismantle wood work Keep balanced footing

Nail Puller Cat’s paw, chisel bars, and flat bar Pull nails that are flush with the surface Always keep balanced footing

Chisel and Punches Cut, shape wood Steel, heat-treated to make harder Cut any material softer than the chisel Center, Prick and Tapered Use impact of hammer to indent metal Hardened, Tempered

Screwdriver 6 types Slotted –most common type of standard Philips- most common type of crosshead Clutch drive- hour glass, cars or appliances Torx- star shaped, auto and household Robertson- square, high torque, color coded Allen – hex keys, socket head

Screwdrivers Blades are tempered steel Using the wrong one will strip the screw Never use near live wires

Pliers Slip-joint, long-nose, lineman, vise-grip, Tongue and groove Scissor shaped tool Hold, cut, bend wire and/or metal Made of harden steel Do not use on bolts or nuts

Pliers Slip- JointLong-nose

Pliers Lineman Tongue-and-groove

Pliers Vise Grip

Wrenches Hold and turn nuts, bolts, and pipes Two categories Nonadjustable and adjustable Standard and metric

Non-adjustable wrenches Open-end, box-end, hex key, combination Size distance between flats

Adjustable Wrenches One fixed jaw, one movable jaw Save time Pipe wrench, adjustable end wrench

Sockets and Ratchets Sockets grip the bolt or nut Normal and deep 6 or 12 gripping Ratchets turn the socket

Rulers and Measuring Tools Accurate Easy to use Durable Easy to read

Ruler Simplest, common- flat steel Inch marks

Tape measure Metal case Hook Rigid Rewind spring

Wooden Folding Rule 6 and 8 ft length Stiff Measures vertical Block and brick mason

Levels Horizontal- level center Vertical – plumb outside Alcohol in the vial Longer the level, greater the accuracy

Squares Marking, checking, & Measuring Four types- carpenter’s, rafter- angle, try,& combination

Carpenter’s Square and Speed Square Shaped like an L Squaring up sections of work 24 in blade, 16 in tongue In. and fractions Protractor, try, framing Fast and easy layout Use when cutting lumber

Try Square & Combination Square 90 degree angle fixed Mainly for wood work 12 in blade Head has 90 and 45 degrees Has spirit level Most useful tool

Plumb Bob Uses force of gravity Different weight 12, 8,6 most common Wind may cause problems

Chalk Line String coated with chalk Pull string from one point to another

Utility Knife Cut shingles, vinyl, rubber, ect. Replaceable blades

Saws Use the right saw for the job TPI (teeth per inch) Fewer tpi the coarser and faster the cut More tpi the slower and smoother

Backsaw and compass saw Broad, flat Cutting miter joints Keyhole Cuts curves

Coping and Drywall Narrow, flexible blade with u-shaped frame Cuts molding Long narrow blade Cuts drywall

Hacksaw and Handsaw Sturdy frame, pistol grip handle Metal, push stroke Tempered steel Rip saw, crosscut

Files and Rasps Cut, smooth, or shape metal Files slanting rows of teeth Rasps individual teeth Three classifications by cut of teeth Single and double cut Rasp

Clamps C- clamps Locking C-clamps

Clamps Spring Clamps Hand screw clamp

Clamps Pipe clamp Bar clamp

Clamps Web clamp Quick Grip

Chain Falls and Come-Alongs Electric or manual overhead Horizontally Don’t lubricate clutches

Shovel Round-dig holes Spade-dig treches with smooth sides Square Move gravel and clean up

Pick Swing like an ax