Topic 2 Newfoundland Topic 3 Resource boom

Topic 2 - Newfoundland

Newfoundland – brief history Originally inhabited by First Nations Peoples Beothuks Innu First European discovery was by the Norsemen around 1000 CE Later discovered by John Cabot in 1497 A seafaring colony of GB Cod fisheries

Newfoundland History continued NFL remained a colony of Britain in It did not join the Canadian confederacy Became the Dominion of Newfoundland in Great Depression – the Dominion of Newfoundland was bankrupt Asked Britain for help Britain established a government commission and took control of NFL finances Back to colony-like status

The Problem Newfoundland, although proving to be of strategic importance during WW2 is afraid it will loose its independence and become a colony of Britain Problem: How does it prevent itself from falling to economic ruin

Newfoundland - Solutions Newfoundland had 3 options. The people of Newfoundland would have to choose 1. Newfoundland could become an independent nation “responsible self-government” 2. Newfoundland could continue under British rule Britain no-longer wants to be responsible for it Britain burdened with rebuilding after WW2. Can’t afford to be responsible for Newfoundland as well 3. Newfoundland could join Canada

Referendums Referendum #1 People of Newfoundland voted on all 3 options No single option received a majority vote Re-vote Referendum #2 People of Newfoundland voted on 2 options: Self- government or union with Canada

The Campaign Union with Canada was spearheaded by Joey Smallwood Island “responsible self-government” lead by Anti-confederates and merchants

Referendum Results Those in the out-posts, fisheries, loggers and miners voted with Joey Smallwood for confederation with Canada Wanted financial security and stability The Merchants voted for “responsible self- government” Feared the market might move

Referendum Results – March 31, % of Islanders favoured joining Canada 48% of islanders were for responsible self-government April 1, 1949 Newfoundland became Canada’s 10 th province and Joey Smallwood became Canada’s last father of confederation Joey Smallwood first premier of Newfoundland

Topic 3 Resources To Meet American Demand

Natural Resources and mega projects Natural Resources Oil and gas Lumber, pulp and paper Hydro electric Metals / minerals Mining and aggregates Mega-projects -Pipeline -St. Lawrence Seaway -Hydro-electric dam CANDU reactors Nuclear power

Resources Discovery of oil in Leduc Alberta, 1947 Mining – fueling the American demand for wood, coal, iron, aluminum and copper

Resources continued Lumber – feeding American demand Nuclear power – CANDU Reactor

Resources So how do we move these resources? Ship – St. Lawrence Seaway Rail Pipeline Highway – Trans Canada Highway