Driving question: How does ecosystem deal with animal and plants after they died?

Dead plant/animal (large organic molecules) Small organic molecules Decomposer biomass (large organic molecules) H2O & CO2 Digestion Flow chart of decomposing process Cellular Respiration Biosynthesis For decomposers growth For decomposers living Inorganic matter (H2O, CO2, minerals) Digestion Back to ecosystem system Minerals (from soil)

Three types of decomposers One common decomposer: Fungi Another decomposer – Invertebrates Crucial decomposers: bacteria and microscopic fungi

The structure of mushroom hypha cap gill stem mycelium Are mushroom plants?

Digestion part

How do mushrooms grow? Switch our focus from cap of mushroom to mycelium

Matter movement for digestion at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Analyze digestion at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Blank

Large Organic molecules Small Organic molecules Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Matter transformation for digestion at macroscopic scale

Energy transformation for digestion at macroscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Small Organic molecules Digestion at macroscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Large Organic molecules

What happens for digestion at microscopic scale ? Fungal hypha Plants’ or animals’ dead cell

Matter movement for digestion at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration sugar

Analyze digestion at microscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Fungal hypha Plants’ or animals’ dead cell

Fungal hypha Plants’ or animals’ dead cell Matter transformation for digestion at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Sugar

Fungal hypha Plants’ or animals’ dead cell Chemical energy Energy transformation for digestion at microscopic scale Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Sugar Chemical energy Digestion at microscopic scale Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing All Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

What happens for digestion at atomic-molecular scale ?

Analyze digestion at atomic-molecular scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Matter transformation for digestion at atomic-molecular scale Protein Starch & cellulose amino acids Sugar Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Click to see animation Matter movement for digestion at atomic-molecular scale

Heat Energy transformation for digestion at atomic-molecular scale Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Heat Digestion at atomic-molecular scale Protein Starch & cellulose amino acids Sugar Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Biosynthesis part

What do mushrooms grow?

Matter movement for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Analyze biosynthesis at macroscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Blank

Matter transformation for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Small organic molecules Large organic molecules Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Water Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale Mineral molecules scales

Energy transformation for biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Biosynthesis at macroscopic scale Small organic molecules Large organic molecules Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Water Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale Mineral molecules scales

What happens of biosynthesis at microscopic scale ?

Matter movement for biosynthesis at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale polysaccharides (chains of sugar molecules) scales

Analyze biosynthesis at microscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Matter transformation for biosynthesis at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale Sugar polysaccharides (chains of sugar molecules) scales

Energy transformation for biosynthesis at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Sugar Biosynthesis at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale polysaccharides (chains of sugar molecules) scales

What happens for biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale ?

Analyze biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Polysaccharides (chains of sugar molecules) Matter transformation for biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale Protein amino acids Sugar Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Water

Matter transformation for protein synthesis at atomic-molecular scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Click to see animation

Heat Energy transformation for biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Heat Biosynthesis at atomic-molecular scale amino acids Sugar Chemical energy Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales polysaccharides Protein Water Chemical energy

Cellular respiration part

How do mushrooms get energy for growth and cellular work?

Matter movement for cellular respiration at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Analyze cellular respiration at macroscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration Blank

Matter transformation for cellular respiration at macroscopic scale Sugar oxygen water carbon dioxide Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Energy transformation for cellular respiration at macroscopic scale Heat Chemical energy Work (For fungus to live) Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Cellular respiration at macroscopic scale Heat Sugar oxygen Chemical energy water carbon dioxide Work (For fungus to live) Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

What happens of cellular respiration at microscopic scale ?

Matter movement for cellular respiration at microscopic scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Analyze cellular respiration at microscopic scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Matter transformation for cellular respiration at microscopic scale water carbon dioxide Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Oxygen Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Sugar

Energy transformation for cellular respiration at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat Work (For fungus to live) Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Cellular respiration at microscopic scale Chemical energy Heat water carbon dioxide Work (For fungus to live) Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Oxygen Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

What happens to oxygen and glucose at atomic-molecular scale? : C 6 H 12 O 6 : O 2

Analyze cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration

Matter transformation for cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale H 2 O CO 2 O2O2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Matter movement for cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Click to see animation Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Energy transformation for cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale Work (For animal to live) Chemical energy Heat Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

Cellular respiration at atomic-molecular scale Work (For animal to live) H 2 O CO 2 Chemical energy O2O2 C 6 H 12 O 6 Heat Material identity Matter Energy Energy transformation Matter Movement All Analyzing Blank Process DigestionBiosynthesis Cellular respiration scales Atomic molecular Microscopic Macroscopic Large scale scales

The end