AN INTRODUCTION TO TOURISM AND ITS IMPACTS

DEFINING TOURISM … the activities of persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business, and other purposes. (WTO 1993, UNSTAT 1994)

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Mass tourism took place immediately following the years of World War II as a result of: 1.Rising standards of living 2.Increased leisure time 3.Development in transportation

TOURISM TODAY Today Tourism is the World’s biggest industry. It is a major contributor to global economic development, creating employment, and generating wealth. Reasons for the increase in tourism include: More leisure time Longer paid holidays Greater affluence (people have become wealthier over time) Improvement in transport More advertising Better amenities in tourist areas (comfort, convenience and pleasure)

PURPOSES (DIFFERENT TYPES) FOR TOURISM Leisure Tourism Holidays Places of natural beauty/mountains Coasts Sports Religious Education Cultural/Historical Cruises Eco-tourism Safari

MORE PURPOSES FOR TOURISM Visiting friends and relatives Business Tourism Conferences and Training Events Business meetings Exhibitions Trade Fairs

IMPACTS OF TOURISM EconomicEnvironmentalSocio-cultural

ECONOMIC IMPACTS Positive impacts Wealth generation Employment opportunities Negative impacts The loss of labour from traditional, primary industries Price rises in destination areas

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS Positive impacts Conservation of natural and built resources (national parks and built monuments) Improvement of general environment of a destination (upgrading street lighting, public seating and litter bins) Negative impacts Water supply – water pollution Physical erosion (wearing away of natural features, destruction of archaeological sites and historic monuments) Loss of wildlife habitats Waste disposal (littering) Air pollution Noise pollution

SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS Positive Meeting new people and learning about different cultures Contribution to conservation of an area’s cultural heritage Enhanced program of cultural and social events Formation of more sports and leisure facilities Instilling a sense of pride in local residents

SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS Negative Overcrowding (traffic jams) Distortion of local customs Loss of native language Loss of traditional crafts and industries (fishing or agriculture) Rise in social problems (tourists may behave badly, presence of tourists may tempt local people into increased criminal activity including fraud, prostitution, theft and drug abuse.)

POSITIVE EFFECTS OF TOURISM IN MALTA Greater affluence Greater employment Social interaction Rehabilitation of historical and tourist areas Development in infrastructure

NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL EFFECTS OF TOURISM IN MALTA Conflict regarding land use Overcrowding Traffic congestion Pressure on infrastructure Loss of natural environments Pollution (air and noise) Increase in waste Loss of traditional way of life