APS Day 7 Agenda Goal – to understand that the Constitution was created by a series of compromises. The Constitution embodies 5 key principles of government.

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Presentation transcript:

APS Day 7 Agenda Goal – to understand that the Constitution was created by a series of compromises. The Constitution embodies 5 key principles of government. Warm-up – Define federalist and anti-federalist. Describe their basic arguments. 1.Review compromises 2.On Connecting American Political Ideals handout 1.define all 5 principles for the final exam essay 2.Use text and Constitution to identify the ways in which the Constitution includes and reflects these principles. Constitution found on pp For each principle, in your notebook, explain the purpose for each. Why is each principle important? 4.In research groups, create a colorful comic poster of each of the 5 purposes. The poster must visually represent the key points of each of the 5 principles.

PlanKind of State benefited Provisions Virginia Plan “Large States” Those with the most people Basically the framework for the US Constitution: 3 branch government with a 2 chamber Congress, 1 President and courts. Powers to tax and regulate trade. Significantly more powerful than under AofC. All representation is proportional (all votes to make laws is based on the size of a state’s population) New Jersey Plan“Small states” Those with fewer people 1 Chamber Congress, with a plural Executive chosen by Congress and removable by States’ governors. Fairly weak government with limited tax and trade regulation authority. Representation for states in Congress would be equal

CompromiseStates benefitedprovisions Connecticut “Great” Compromise Both large and smallStates would be equally represented in the Senate and proportionally represented in the House. 3/5 CompromiseSlave states and non-slave states Representation in the House was determined by population. To this number was added 3/5 of the number of slaves (gaining slave states more representatives in the House) But the slaves would counted also as 3/5 for tax payments to the federal government Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise Slave importing states and manufacturing states Slave trade could not be outlawed for 20 years, but the newly imported slaves could be taxed up to $10 each. Also, Congress could tax other imports to protect US manufacturers (mainly in the North) but could not tax exports (mainly Southern farm good) and could otherwise regulate trade between states and between the US and foreign countries

Ratifying the Constitution Ratification: 1.a. Federalists were those like Hamilton,. Madison and Jay who argued for the Constitution. b. Anti-federalists were opposed to the Constitution, like John Yates and Patrick Henry who argued against its ratification 2.Issues for ratification: a. Central government too powerful b. no Bill of Rights. c. no mention of god d. no power of the states to print money e. the ratification process itself 3. Ratification really depended on Virginia and New York, which is why the Federalist Papers were written – to convince New Yorkers and Virginians to vote to ratify the Constitution. 4. First Capital was New York but moved to Philadelphia in George Washington and John Adams

Unitary – like Great Britain Like the government under King and Parliament of England – all power located in… London – the Capital city.

Confederal – like A of C Very weak central government – weakness causes lots of problems

Federalism

Final Essay definitions Federalism – a system of government where power is shared by the national and sub-national (states in the US) governments, but where the national government is supreme and the states have a broader area over which they have authority

& Checks and balances

Final Essay definitions Checks and balances – working together with a separation of powers, each distinct branch of government has the power and authority to prevent the two other branches from misusing or gaining to much power.

Enforces and carries out laws adjudicates laws Makes laws Separation of Powers

Final Essay definitions Separation of powers – structure of government where the powers to make laws, adjudicate laws and enforce/ carry out laws are exercised by three distinctly different branches of government

Limited Government Government Constitution

Final Essay definitions Limited government – the government is prohibited from taking certain actions and must follow the rule of law.

Popular Sovereignty Government The People Power

Final Essay definitions Popular Sovereignty – the people have the ultimate political power and are the source of the political power that the state uses to govern

How did the Constitution address the 3 actions all governments must take in order to govern? –Make laws – the act of legislating – done by the legislative branch of government. The Constitution created the bicameral Congress to legislate –Enforce and execute laws – the process of making sure that laws are followed and that the actions the government needs to take are taken – the Executive branch headed by the President of the United State –Adjudicate – interpret and apply laws to specific cases – the Judicial branch of government headed by the Supreme Court of the US and its Chief Justice.