The Cladogram of Animals

Main Topics I.General Characteristics II.Sponge Anatomy- The Basics III.Feeding and Reproduction IV.Types of Sponges

Porifera- Latin for “pore-bearing;” contain pores all over their body Simplest multicellular animals (most primitive) Invertebrates I. General Characteristics

General Characteristics (continued) Levels of Organization Specialized cells, no true tissues Body SymmetryAsymmetrical Germ LayersAbsent Body Cavity- Embryological Development - SegmentationAbsent CephalizationAbsent

Can be better described as a colony of single celled organisms living together Over 10,000 species; all aquatic and 99% marine All are filter feeders- filter small particles of food from water that passes through the organism General Characteristics (continued)

Some defend themselves with chemicals and are focus of biotech research companies Adults are sessile- live permanently attached to a substrate (base material like a reef or a crab) and are not able to move on their own General Characteristics

Find an article about how Poriferans (sponges) are used in biomedical research. Due Friday Requirements: 1.Print a copy of the article 2.On a separate paper, write a summary of the article. 3.Counts as a double Homework assignment Current Event Homework

II. Sponge Anatomy- The Basics “Vaselike” general shape Osculum- one large excurrent pore where water flows out of Ostium- many tiny, incurrent pores where water flows in (plural Ostia); found throughout the body Atrium- inner filter chamber

Oscula

Holdfast- root-like structure that anchors aquatic sessile organisms, such as seaweed and sponges

II. Sponge Anatomy- The Basics Wall of the body is made of 3 cell layers (remember- not true germ layers) Outer Layer Lined with Pinacocytes- flattened cells packed tightly together that forms the outer boundary

Sponge Anatomy- The Basics (continued) Gelatinous layer Middle layer that forms the skeleton and support for the sponges shape Amebocytes- cells carry food and oxygen to cells of each layer Spicules- needle-like structures made of silica or calcium Spongin- tough protein fibers

Inner Layer Lined with choanocytes (collar cells)- specialized cell that has a flagella. These cells help control water flow into and out of the cell. The flagella beats to create water current and the collar traps food particles. Sponge Anatomy- The Basics (continued)

Mostly feed on plankton and organic molecules III. Feeding and Reproduction

1.Water enters through ostia. 2.Water is pumped into the atrium. 3.Collar cells trap food particles with flagella. 4.Amebocytes take food to other cells within the sponge. 5.Water leaves through the osculum. Feeding and Reproduction (continued)

Feeding ayer_detailpage&list=PL6174CA CE&v=RmPTM965-1chttp:// ayer_detailpage&list=PL6174CA CE&v=RmPTM965-1c

Asexual Branches or buds break off & grow into separate sponges (budding) Sexual Sponges produce both male & female gametes to produce larva. Larvae floats off and establishes itself on a new base. Feeding and Reproduction (continued) Sponges reproduce both asexually and sexually.

Asexual Repro Budding Q18&feature=player_detailpagehttp:// Q18&feature=player_detailpage

IV. Types of Sponges There are 3 major Classes of sponge. Sponges are classified mainly based on what their skeleton is made of in the gelatinous layer. Common names are mainly based on their shapes Non-synthetic cleaning sponges have spongin skeletons; Synthetic sponges are made based off spongin skeletons