Enzymes: Basic concepts

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Presentation transcript:

Enzymes: Basic concepts CHMI 2227E Biochemistry I Enzymes: Basic concepts CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Classes of enzymes CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

IUBMB enzyme nomenclature Example: ATP: D-glucose-6 phosphotransferase (aka hexokinase) EC 2.7.1.1 2 = transferase 7 = phosphotransferase 1 = acceptor group is OH 1 = glucose binds the phosphate group ATP + D-glucose ADP D-glucose-6-phosphate CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Classes of enzymes 1- Oxidoreductases 2- Transferases 3- Hydrolases 4- Lyases 5- Isomerases 6- Ligases CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Classes of enzymes 1- Oxidoreductases 2- Transferases 3- Hydrolases 4- Lyases 5- Isomerases 6- Ligases A- + B A + B- A-B + C A + B-C A-B + H2O A-H + B-OH A=B + X-Y A-B X Y A-B X Y A + B A-B CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Oxidoreductases Example: Lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) Lactate = substrate Pyruvate = product NAD+/NADH = co-factor CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

2. Transferases Example: Alanine transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2) Alanine / a-ketoglutarate = substrates Pyruvate / L-glutamate = products CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

3. Hydrolases Example: diphosphate phosphohydrolase (EC 3.6.1.1) Pyrophosphate / H2O = substrates Phosphate = product CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

4. Lyases (aka synthases) Example: Pyruvate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.1) Pyruvate = substrate Acetaldehyde and CO2 = products CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

5. Isomerases Example: Alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) L-alanine = substrate D-alanine = product CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

6. Ligases (aka synthetases) Example: L-glutamine synthetase (EC 6. 3 L-glutamate / NH4+ = substrates L-glutamine = product ATP = co-factor CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

How do enzymes work? CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes and the energy barrier CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes and the energy barrier DGŧ DG CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes and the energy barrier CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

Enzymes and the energy barrier CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

The « lock and key » myth… CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.

The « lock and key » myth… CHMI 2227 - E.R. Gauthier, Ph.D.