HAPPY THURSDAY F3 Computer BELLWORK: Explain in 32 words what is happening in this PEDIGREE comparing long-necked giraffes vs short-necked giraffes.

Essential Question What are some other forms of evolution in addition to natural selection? PG 93 HW MechanismsIllustrate a description using a minimum of 3 colors each picture. Small PopulationFounder EffectBottleneck Effect Non-Random Mating Mutations Gene FlowEmigrationImmigration Natural Selection

Collect Today Page 93 – Back of 5 Fingers Illustrations Assigned Page 86 – Notecard ALL PARTS (Friday) Late Family Tree Project– Include Rubric and Punnett Squares (-50 points) Page 86 – Notecard Definitions (-30 points)

Unit 6 – Evolution Definitions Due Monday (1/11/16) All Parts Due Friday (1/15/16) 1.Adaptation 2.Anatomical Homologies 3.Ancestry 4.Artificial Selection 5.Biodiversity 6.Biogeography 7.Bottleneck Effect 8.Charles Darwin 9.Common Descent 10.Developmental Homologies 11.Disruptive Selection (Graph) 12.Directional Selection (Graph) 13.Evolution 14.Fitness 15.Fossil Record 16.Founder Effect 17.Gene Flow 18.Gene Pool 19.Genetic Drift 20.Genetic Variation 21.Gradualism 22.Homologous Structures 23.Homology 24.Limiting Factor 25.Migration 26.Molecular Homologies 27.Natural Selection 28.Non-Random Mating 29.Overpopulation 30.Recombination 31.Reproductive Success 32.Speciation 33.Stabilizing Selection (Graph) 34.Stasis 35.Theory 36.Vestigial Structure PG 86

Essential Question What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution? Standard B.7C - Analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals. B.7E - Analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species. PG 93

G. Effects of Gene Pool Size 1.A decrease in the size of a gene pool increases the speed of evolution and visa versa.

2. Gene pools can change in 3 different ways: a. Disruptive selection b. Directional selection c. Stabilizing selection

1. Disruptive selection: individuals on the upper and lower ends of a distribution curve are more fit than organisms in the middle, curve becomes a U-shaped.

2. Directional selection: when organisms at one end of the distribution curve have the highest fitness, shifts the curve in one direction.

3. Stabilizing selection: when individuals in the middle of the distribution curve have the highest fitness, the curve does not move/change.

H. Changes in the frequency of a gene in the gene pool initially leads to microevolution. 1. Microevolution refers to a small change in a population over a short amount of time. I. Many small changes eventually lead to macroevolution. 2.Macroevolution refers to the sum total of many changes that transform organisms over a long period of time. J. Macroevolution leads to speciation or the creation of a new species. 1. When an evolving population can no longer interbreed with the original population, a new species is formed.

Speciation: creation of 2 different species from 1 original species Macroevolution: total of many changes that transform organisms over a long period of time. Microevolution: small change over a period of time Changes in the frequency of a gene in a gene pool leads to

K. The Endosymbiotic Theory is the theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis (two organisms live together) among several different prokaryotic organisms.

It is widely accepted that the first living things on Earth were prokaryotic cells (bacteria). How did prokaryotic cells turn into eukaryotic ones? The answer is The Endosymbiotic Theory. Endosymbiotic Theory

Co-evolution

Coevolution can occur with species that help or compete with each other

Mimicry occurs when one organism evolves to look like the other in order to benefit itself. The mimic benefits from the situation while the organism it mimics in unaffected. Example: Example: Orchid flowers that mimic female wasps Mimicry is another example of coevolution

Convergent Evolution

Convergent evolution describes evolution toward similar traits in unrelated species. When two species are similar in a particular characteristic, it’s only convergent evolution if their ancestors were not similar Convergent Evolution

Divergent Evolution

Divergent evolution describes evolution toward different traits in closely related species. Divergent evolution can lead to speciation. kit fox ancestor red fox

Mix-Freeze-Group I am going to survive! Because I have the best genes for my environment. I am HUGELY affected by genetic drift. I am VERY picky. I will only choose you, because your traits are most attractive to me. I am a mistake in the DNA sequence Natural Selection Small Population Genetic Mutation Non-Random Mating