Directional terms of the limbs –The proximal/distal dividing line: for the front leg is the ____________ (wrist) for the rear leg it is the ____________ (ankle). –The front surface of both the front and hind limbs is termed: “____________” proximal to the carpus/tarsus and “____________” distal to the carpus/tarsus. –The back surface of both the front and hind limbs that is proximal to the carpus/tarsus is called the ____________ surface. The back surface of the front leg distal to the carpus is called the ______________ surface. The back surface of the back leg distal to the tarsus is called the ______________ surface.

Directional terms of the limbs Palmar surface (forelimb) Plantar surface (hindlimb) Dorsal surface

General Plan of the Animal’s Body ___________ ___________is the idea that left and right halves of an animal’s body are essentially mirror images of one another. –kidneys, lungs, arms, eyes, ears Single structures in the body are generally found near the ______________ plane. –brain, heart, GI tract, trachea

1.The ________ body cavity contains the brain and spinal cord (CNS) spherical cranial cavity (cranium) long, narrow spinal cavity (spinal canal) 2.The _________ body cavity is much larger than the dorsal one and contains most of the soft organs (viscera) of the body. the cranial thoracic cavity (thorax), which is covered by pleura the caudal abdominal cavity (abdomen), which is covered by peritoneum the thorax and abdomen are divided by the diaphragm General Plan of the Animal’s Body

Levels of Organization _________ - basic functional units of all life. –smallest subdivision of the body that is capable of life ________ - when specialized cells group together. –4 basic tissue types: 1. ________________: cells that cover body surfaces 2. ________________: holds body together and gives it support. 3. ________________: moves body 4. ________________: transmits information around the body and controls body functions. __________- groups of tissues that work together for a common purpose __________-groups of organs that have a common set of activities

The state of normal anatomy and physiology. Disease can result when these are abnormal. Maintaining health may be a difficult and complicated process. Health of the body as a whole depends on the health and proper functioning of each of its systems, organs, tissues, and cells. All structures and functions in the body are interrelated to produce optimal health.

Homeostasis Maintaining a _____________ ______________ in the body. –All the processes that maintain an active balance of the structures, functions, and properties of the body processes that monitor and adjust all the various essential parameters of the body processes that help maintain a fairly constant internal environment in the body as conditions inside and outside the animal change.

RECUMBENCIES LEFT LATERAL RIGHT LATERAL DORSAL STERNAL