3. Prenatal Development and Birth Gatot Prihandoko

Prenatal Development The average length of time for prenatal development to complete is 38 weeks from the date of conception. The three primary stages of prenatal development are  the germinal/zygote stage,  the embryonic stage, and  the fetal stage.

Illustration of prenatal development the two-cell, or zygote stage embryonic stage, in which the major body systems develop the fetal stage, during which the baby's brain develops and the body adds size and weight.

Prenatal Development Embryonic stage: The principles of Chepalocaudal and Proximal-distal development  Chepalocaudal: area of the head – downwards: trunk and legs  Proximal-distal: central area (internal organs) - arms

Risks in The Prenatal Development Teratogens, agents that produce developmental abnormalities  physical and mental deviations  premature & low-birthweight 35 – 1 st  pregnancy & delivery!!! s

Labor from Beginning to End

Prematurity and Low Birthweight 9% born prematurely Weigh less than 5 lbs (vs 7.7 lbs) Poor diet, inadequate prenatal care, drug and/or alcohol use, multiple birth Results in developmental delay (=/= long term problems) Very low birthweight  intellectual impairment 15% for <3.3 lbs and 30% for <2 lbs  cognitive deficits Problems in academic achievement, hyperactivity, motor skills and speech and hearing disorder