Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism.

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Presentation transcript:

Early 19 th Century Art Romanticism and Realism and Neoclassicism

Romanticism is a complex artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18 th century in Western Europe. In part, it was a revolt against aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment and a reaction against the scientific rationalization of nature, and was embodied most strongly in the visual arts, music, and literature. Stokstad notes that both Neoclasscism and Romanticism remained vital in early 19 th century European and American art. Romanticism

The movement validated strong emotion as an authentic source of aesthetic experience, placing new emphasis on such emotions as trepidation, terror, horror and awe—especially that which is experienced in confronting the sublimity of untamed nature and its picturesque qualities, both new aesthetic categories. In European painting, led by a new generation of the French school, the Romantic sensibility contrasted with the Neoclassicism being taught in the academies. Romanticism

How do we read the paintings that fall into this middle space between Neoclassicism and Romanticism? How should we describe them? What characteristics can we identify?

War, History Painting, and Napoleon

Jacques-Louis David Napoleon Crossing the Saint Bernard oil on canvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Napoleon I on the Imperial Throne 1806 oil on canvas

Antoine-Jean Gros Napoleon in the Plague House at Jaffa 1804 oil on canvas

Antoine-Jean Gros The Battle of Abukir 1806 oil on canvas

Antoine-Jean Gros Napoleon Bonaparte on the Battlefield of Eylau, oil on canvas

Eugene Delacroix Scenes from the Massacre at Chios oil on canvas

Goya Francisco de Goya Y Lucientes The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid 1814 oil on canvas

Goya Francisco de Goya Y Lucientes Chained Prisoner indian ink wash

Jacques-Louis David The Death of Marat 1793 oil on canvas

Goya Francisco de Goya Y Lucientes Family of Charles IV 1800 oil on canvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Monsieur Bertin 1832 oil on canvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Princess de Broglie oil on canvas

Orientalism and Ingres

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres The Bather 1808 oil on canvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres Large Odalisque 1814 oil on canvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres The Turkish Bath 1862 oil on canvas on wood

Romantic and Realist Landscapes Question: What is the artist using the landscape to accomplish? How can the viewer tell? What visual evidence is there?

Romanticism usually Romantic works have dramatic and intensely emotional subject matter Romantic landscape painting is dramatic the content emphasizes turbulent or fantastic natural scenery disasters the sublime (something that inspires awe) naturalistic the content represents tranquil nature the content signals a religious reverence toward nature Romantic painting is characterized by fluid, loose brushwork strong colors complex compositions powerful contrasts of light and dark expressive poses and gestures

Joseph Mallord William Turner Fisherman at Sea 1796 oil on canvas

Joseph Mallord William Turner Snow Storm: Hannibal and his Army Crossing the Alps 1812 oil on canvas

Joseph Mallord William Turner Peace--Burial at Sea 1842 oil on canvas

Caspar David Friedrich Monk by the Sea 1809 oil on canvas

Caspar David Friedrich The Abbey in the Oakwood 1810 oil on canvas

Thomas Cole The Oxbow 1836 Oil on canvas

Thomas Cole The Oxbow (The Connecticut River near Northampton) 1836

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot Ville d'Avray 1867

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot The Bridge at Mantes

Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot Mill at Saint-Nicolas-les-Arras 1874

Types of Paintings religious images portraits history paintings still lifes genre* (scenes from every day life) * Genre painting is a fairly new development at the end of the 16th century (1580’s).

Religious Images Goya The Holy Family 1780 oil on canvas

Goya Portrait of the Duchess of Alba 1797 oil on canvas Portraits

Goya The Third of May, 1808: The Execution of the Defenders of Madrid 1814 oil on canvas History Paintings

Still Lifes Goya Dead Birds 1808 oil on canvas

Genre Goya The Snowstorm 1786 oil on canvas