Air pollution in Stuttgart ? NO 2 O3O3 PM 10

Stuttgart

NO 2 - Nitrogen dioxide Guideline values WHO 40 μg/m 3 annual mean 200 μg/m 3 1-hour mean Health effects  causes inflammation of the airways at short-term concentrations (>200µg/m³)  in asthmatic children increase symptoms of bronchitis with long-term exposure to NO 2  reduced lung function Source of NO 2 in the air  burning of fossil fuels: motor vehicle exhaust

NO 2 annual average in Stuttgart

NO 2 in µg/m³–annual average 2014 German measuring stations

O 3 – Ozone (at ground level) Guideline values 100μg/m 3 annual mean Health effects  It can cause breathing problems, trigger asthma, reduce lung function and cause lung disease Source of ground-level ozone  created by chemical reactions with sunlight

O 3 –number of days >30°C – Here: 120 μg/m 3 8-hour mean

PM 10 - Particulate matter (particulates less than 10 µm in diameter) Major components are: sulfate, nitrates, ammonia, sodium chloride, black carbon, mineral dust and water. Sources of particulates:  natural processes: forest fires and wind erosion  human activities: agricultural practices and car emissions  also produced when chemicals from natural and human sources react

PM 10 - Particulate matter Health effects  exposure to high concentrations: increased mortality or morbidity  Chronic exposure to particles contributes to the risk of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cancer. Guideline values 20 μg/m 3 annual mean 50 μg/m 3 24-hour mean

PM 10 – particulates number of days with >50µgm³in 2014

PM 10 – particulate matter daily average

Summary 1.Air pollutants cause serious health effects 2.Guidelines by WHO protect us 3.Guidelines are broken frequently in Stuttgart 4.Very high average of particulates

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