The Fur Trade & the Growth of New France Social Studies 9

Growth of fur trade Trade began at Tadoussac on St Lawrence Trade began at Tadoussac on St Lawrence Starting with Champlain, French explorers ventured into Native land Starting with Champlain, French explorers ventured into Native land Men like Etienne Brule, Jean Nicolet lived amongst Natives Men like Etienne Brule, Jean Nicolet lived amongst Natives Sieur de la Salle travelled to the mouth of the Mississippi claiming land for King of France (Louisiana) Sieur de la Salle travelled to the mouth of the Mississippi claiming land for King of France (Louisiana)

Coureurs de bois Young men who lived like Natives, worked in fur trade Young men who lived like Natives, worked in fur trade Forbidden by governor: Forbidden by governor: –Needed men to protect colony –Monopoly on fur trade had been given to Company of One Hundred Associated

Company Fails settlers sent to New France settlers sent to New France Ships captured by British raiders Ships captured by British raiders Captured Quebec for three years Captured Quebec for three years Later treaty returned Quebec to France Later treaty returned Quebec to France Company slowly brought settlers to farm along St. Lawrence Company slowly brought settlers to farm along St. Lawrence 1663 King unhappy with company, took over running colony 1663 King unhappy with company, took over running colony

Louis XIV

The Sun King Louis XIV (14 th ) became King of France at the age of five Louis XIV (14 th ) became King of France at the age of five Ruled France for 54 years Ruled France for 54 years 1663 Created government of New France where three people (Soveriegn Council) acted on behalf of the king: the governor, the bishop, and the intendant 1663 Created government of New France where three people (Soveriegn Council) acted on behalf of the king: the governor, the bishop, and the intendant

Jean Talon

Intendant First Intendant was Jean Talon First Intendant was Jean Talon had troops brought in to deal with Iroquois threat had troops brought in to deal with Iroquois threat Conducted first census Conducted first census Census showed twice as many men as women in colony Census showed twice as many men as women in colony Needed to entice women to come to colony Needed to entice women to come to colony Women brought were called filles du roi – King’s Daughters Women brought were called filles du roi – King’s Daughters

Filles du Roi

Intendant (con’t) Parents were fined if they didn’t marry off daughters by age 16 Parents were fined if they didn’t marry off daughters by age 16 Talon also promoted farming; tried new strains of grain Talon also promoted farming; tried new strains of grain Indendant was also responsible for laws in New France Indendant was also responsible for laws in New France Used same law as France Used same law as France

Comte de Frontenac "I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouths of my cannons and muskets." "I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouths of my cannons and muskets."

Governor First governor was Count Frontenac First governor was Count Frontenac Experienced soldier Experienced soldier Build fort on St Lawrence near present-day Kingston (Fort Frontenac) Build fort on St Lawrence near present-day Kingston (Fort Frontenac) Used as trading fort Used as trading fort Peace existed with Iroquois during his time Peace existed with Iroquois during his time Disagreed with Bishop and Indentant Disagreed with Bishop and Indentant ordered back to France ordered back to France

Governor Soon after, French and British went to war Soon after, French and British went to war Several large battles with Iroquois; large losses on both sides Several large battles with Iroquois; large losses on both sides Frontenac ordered back to New France Frontenac ordered back to New France Attacked villages, burned crops and storehouses Attacked villages, burned crops and storehouses Iroquois signed peace treaty; agreed to stay neutral between Br. & French Iroquois signed peace treaty; agreed to stay neutral between Br. & French

Bishop Laval

Bishop Bishop in New France was Bishop Laval Bishop in New France was Bishop Laval Head of Catholic Church Head of Catholic Church Church looked after schools, hospitals and the poor Church looked after schools, hospitals and the poor

Settlement of Land Settlement pattern called seigneurial system Settlement pattern called seigneurial system Derived from feudal system Derived from feudal system King owned land; maintained by seigneur King owned land; maintained by seigneur Seigneurs were usually wealthy, important citizens Seigneurs were usually wealthy, important citizens Rented out land to tenants called Habitants Rented out land to tenants called Habitants

Present-Day Signs of Seigneurial system

Seigneurial System (Cont.) Seigneurs had to: Seigneurs had to: –Build and live in a manor house –Act as judge for local disputes –Attract settlers –Build a mill

Seigneurial System (Cont.) Habitants had to: Habitants had to: –Pay rent –Provide labour to seigneur –Serve in the militia (local army) –Keep land productive –Grind grain at the seigneur’s mill