Surgical Technology Mechanisms of Disease Microbiology DJ 3/05

Objectives  Define Medical Terms  List and Describe Mechanisms of disease and risk factors  List and describe categories of pathogenic organisms  Describe pathogenesis of cancer

Medical Terminology  Microbiology  Pathogens  Parasites  Host

Medical Terminology  Vector  Pathology  Psychogenic  Diagnosis

Medical Terminology  Acute  Chronic  Signs  Symptoms

Medical Terminology Syndrome Health Disease Etiology

Medical Terminology Idiopathic Pathogenesis Communicable Latent

Patterns of Disease Epidemiology Epidemiologist

Patterns of Disease Endemic Epidemics Pandemic

Patterns of Disease Discovering the cause of a disease is difficult because many factors affect disease transmission Disease can be fought through : Prevention Therapy

Patterns of Disease Pathophysiology

Mechanisms of Disease  Genetic  Pathogenic organisms  Tumors/cancer  Physical and chemical agents  Malnutrition  Autoimmunity  Inflammation  Degeneration

Genetic mechanisms  Altered /mutated genes  Abnormal disruptive function  Threat to homeostasis

Pathogenic organisms  Disease causing organisms  Damage the body  Parasite

Tumors/Cancer  Neoplasms

Physical/chemical agents  Toxic/destructive  Extreme heat/cold  Mechanical injury  radiation

malnutrition  Imbalance of nutrients

Autoimmunity  Immune system attacks the body  Mistakes  Over-reactions

Inflammation  Inflammatory response  Disease occurs when inflammation occurs:  At inappropriate times  Is abnormally prolonged  Is a severe response

Degeneration  Tissues break apart  Normal consequence of aging  Occurs when one or more tissues degenerate resulting from disease

Risk factors  Genetics  Age  Lifestyle  Stress  Environment  Pre-existing conditions

Pathogenic organisms  Viruses  Bacteria  Fungi  Protozoa  Pathogenic animals

Pathogenic organisms  Humans get disease through accidental or intentional injury  Microscopic  Microbes:  Bacteria  Fungi  protozoa

Pathogenic organisms  Viruses  Contains DNA  Invade and insert genetic code  Exocytosis

Pathogenic organisms Bacteria No nucleus Secrete toxins Become parasites inside cells Form colonies that disrupt normal cell function

Pathogenic organisms Bacteria classifications 1.Function  Aerobic  Anaerobic 2. Staining Properties  Gram positive  Gram negative

Pathogenic organisms Bacteria classifications 3.shape/size  Bacilli  Cocci (dip, strep, staph)  Curved/spiral rods  Obligate  Spores

Pathogenic organisms  Fungi  Yeasts, molds

Pathogenic organisms Protozoa  Amoeba  Flagellates  Ciliates  Sporozoa

Pathogenic organisms Metazoa  Nematodes  Platyhelminths  Arthropods

Prevention/control  Person to person  Environmental  Opportunistic invasion  Transmission by a vector

Prevention/control aseptic methods of prevention  Sterilization  Disinfection  Antisepsis  Isolation

Prevention/control TX strategies  Vaccination  Antibiotics  natural/synthetic

Tumors/cancer  Neoplasms  Benign  Malignant  Hyperplasia  Anaplasia

Tumors/cancer malignant tumors  Sarcomas  Lymphomas  Osteosarcoma  Myeloma  Fibrosarcoma  Metastisis  Carcinomas  Adenocarcinoma

Tumors/cancer benign tumors  Pappilloma  Adenoma  Nevus  Lipoma  Osteoma  Chondroma

Causes of CA  Genetics  Carcinogens  Age  Environment  viruses

CA  Forms of CA  Warning signs  Methods of detection  Outcomes  Tx options

Inflammation  Redness  Heat  Pain  Swelling

Inflammation  Inflammation mediators  Inflammatory exudate  Chemotaxis  Phagocytosis  fever