Kingdom Protista Unicellular plants and animals

General Information Protista, from the Greek protistos = first Diverse group Aka Algae & Protozoa Most are Unicellular exception: Volvox is colonial

Characteristics 1. Eukaryotic (have a nucleus)

Characteristics 2. Feeding Patterns a. Autotrophs (plant-like) b. Heterotrophs (animal-like) c. Saprophytes (absorb food like fungi do) d. Parasites (pathogens)

3. Habitats Almost anywhere there is water

5. Origins First eukaryotes probably endosymbionts ✰ Bacteria living inside other bacteria evolved to become organelles Cyanobacteria inside protist Cyanophora

5. Reproduction a. Alternation of Generations ☯ switch btwn. asexual repro. (spores) & sexual repro. (gametes) & back again

6. Multicellularity ❀ Cells specialized for f(x)s ❀ Division of labor ❀ E.g. holdfast cell, gamete-forming cells Holdfast cell

7. Classification by Exclusion ✿ If organism doesn’t belong in any other phylum, put it in this one! I.e. Weirdos go in this group!

8. Protist Groups a. Pseudopodia for locomotion = “false feet” Animal-like, parasites AMOEBAS E.g. ★ Amoeba E.g. Entamoeba histolytica (amoebic dysentary)

8. Protist Groups b. Foraminifera Source of CaCo 3 (calcium carbonate / chalk) E.g. The white cliffs of Dover

8. Protist Groups c. Diatoms Photosynthetic, unicellular, double shells of SiO 3(glass)

8. Protist Groups d. Green Algae plant-like protists E.g. ★ Volvox, endosymbionts of jellyfish

8. Protist Groups e. Red Algae Source of agar (growth medium for bacteria)

8. Protist Groups f. Brown Algae E.g. kelp

8. Protist Groups Protists with Flagella (animal-like) g. Dinoflagellates E.g. Gonyaulux Capable of bioluminescence (glowing in the dark) the red tide makes scallops toxic to humans

Red (Crimson) Tide

8. Protist Groups h. Zoomastigina ✰ Trichonympha in termites digest wood (cellulose) ✰ Causes giardia / backpackers’ disease

8. Protist Groups i. Euglenoids e.g. ★ Euglena ★ use flagella to move

8. Protist Groups j. Cilia for locomotion - Ciliates) ★ Paramecium

8. Protist Groups k. Slime Molds Cellular Acellular

8. Protist Groups l. Water Molds E.g. potato blight Caused potato famine in Ireland ,000 starved

8. Protist Groups m. ★ Sporozoans Cannot move themselves Move via vectors = transmit a disease from one animal to another

m. ★ Sporozoans EXAMPLES: E.g. Plasmodium (causes malaria) vector = Anopheles mosquito E.g. Toxoplasmolysis (from cat feces causes fetal death) E.g. African sleeping sickness vector = tsetse fly