Aim: How did Lincoln preserve the Union? Lincoln and the Civil War

I hold that, in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is perpetual.... There needs to be no bloodshed or violence; and there shall be none, unless it be forced upon the national authority. …there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere.... We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. - President Lincoln's First Inaugural Address

I. Funding the War A. Lincoln helps the northern economy: 1. passes first federal income tax in U.S. history 2. created a national currency, paper $$$ called greenbacks

II. Emergency Wartime Actions A. Arrested disloyal legislators in Border States, which were strategically important B. Placed Kentucky under martial law, emergency rule by military C. Established a draft to raise troopsdraft

III. Limiting Civil Liberties A. Attempted to silence Northern opposition, dissenters 1. Shut down opposition newspapers 2. Suspended the writ of habeas corpus a. people were imprisoned without being charged

Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution says, "The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in cases of rebellion or invasion the public safety may require it." Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution

IV. Emancipation Proclamation A. Issued on 9/22/1862, announcing the freedom of all slaves of states still in rebellion after 1/1/ didn’t free slaves in Border States B. Had little impact on slavery because it applied only to areas under Confederate control C. However, it transformed the conflict over preserving the Union into a war of liberation D. 13 th Amendment ended slavery

The Great Emancipator?

V. Aftermath of War Union is preserved – Stronger federal government Slavery ends Over 1 million casualties – 500,000 dead Southern terrain and economy destroyed