1 Chapter 14 Acids and Bases 14.7 Reactions of Acids and Bases Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

2 Acids and Metals Acids react with metals Such as K, Na, Ca, Mg, Al, Zn, Fe, and Sn. To produce hydrogen gas and the salt of the metal. Molecular equations: 2K(s) + 2HCl(aq) 2KCl(aq) + H 2 (g) Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) Net ionic equation: 2K(s) + 2H + (aq) 2K + (aq) + H 2 (g) Zn(s) + 2H + (aq) Zn 2+ (aq) + H 2 (g)

3 Acids and Carbonates Acids react With carbonates and hydrogen carbonates to produce carbon dioxide gas, a salt, and water. 2HCl(aq) + CaCO 3 (s) CO 2 (g) + CaCl 2 (aq) + H 2 O(l) HCl(aq) + NaHCO 3 (s) CO 2 (g) + NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l)

4 Learning Check Write the products of the following reactions of acids: A. Zn(s) + 2 HCl (aq) B. MgCO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq)

5 Solution A. Zn(s) + 2 HCl(aq) ZnCl 2 (aq) + H 2 (g) B. MgCO 3 (s) + 2HCl(aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + CO 2 (g) + H 2 O(l)

6 A neutralization reaction occurs when An acid such as HCl and a base such as NaOH react. HCl + H 2 OH 3 O + + Cl − NaOHNa + + OH − The H 3 O + from the acid and the OH − from the base form water. H 3 O + + OH − 2 H 2 O Neutralization Reactions

7 In the equation for neutralization, an acid and a base produce a salt and water. acid base salt water HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H 2 O(l) 2HCl(aq) + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) CaCl 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) Neutralization Equations

8 Balancing Neutralization Reactions Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

9 Write the balanced equation for the neutralization of magnesium hydroxide and nitric acid. STEP 1 Write the formulas of the acid and base. Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + HNO 3 (aq) STEP 2 Balance OH - and H +. Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + 2HNO 3 (aq) STEP 3 Balance with H 2 O. Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + 2HNO 3 (aq) salt + 2H 2 O(l) STEP 4 Write the salt from remaining ions. Mg(OH) 2 (aq) + 2HNO 3 (aq) Mg(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l) Balancing Neutralization Reactions

10 Select the correct group of coefficients for the following neutralization equations A. HCl (aq) + Al(OH) 3 (aq) AlCl 3 (aq) + H 2 O(l) 1) 1,3,3,1 2) 3,1,1,1 3) 3,1,1,3 B. Ba(OH) 2 (aq) + H 3 PO 4 (aq) Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) + H 2 O(l) 1) 3,2,2,2 2) 3,2,1,6 3) 2,3,1,6 Learning Check

11 A. 3) 3,1,1,3 3HCl(aq) + Al(OH) 3 (aq) AlCl 3 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l) B. 2) 3,2,1,6 3Ba(OH) 2 (aq) + 2H 3 PO 4 (aq) Ba 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (s) + 6H 2 O(l) Solution

12 Antacids Are used to neutralize stomach acid (HCl). Copyright © 2008 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings Table 14.9

13 Learning Check Write the neutralization reactions for stomach acid HCl and Mylanta.

14 Solution Write the neutralization reactions for stomach acid HCl and the bases in Mylanta. Mylanta: Al(OH) 3 and Mg(OH) 2 3HCl(aq) + Al(OH) 3 (aq) AlCl 3 (aq) + 3H 2 O(l) 2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH) 2 (aq) MgCl 2 (aq) + 2H 2 O(l)