7.5 Acid-Base Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization When acids and bases are mixed together the reaction is called neutralization. The products of these reactions are often solutions of new compounds in water. Neutralization reactions are a special case of the double displacement reaction. AB + CD  AD + CB

Neutralization As an acid is added to a base the base is gradually consumed. When all the base has reacted, the result is a neutral solution of a salt and water. A salt is a compound made up of a positive and negative ion (ionic compound)

Example 1 Example 1: Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide  water + sodium chloride

Example 1 Example 2: Sulfuric acid + potassium hydroxide  water + potassium chloride

Acids + Bases When an acid and base are combined they react in a __________________ reaction. Acids donate ______ cations Bases donate ________ anions ________________ is this type of reaction ________________.

Acids + Bases acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

Why is this important? Treating chemical spills 150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario. 2007. Treated with calcium oxide Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq) Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Acids and metals When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas. Ex. Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

Acids + Bases When an acid and base are combined they react in a __________________ reaction. Acids donate ______ cations Bases donate ________ anions ________________ is this type of reaction ________________.

Acids + Bases acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

Why is this important? Treating chemical spills 150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario. 2007. Treated with calcium oxide Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq) Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Acids and metals When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas. Ex. Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

Acids + Bases acid + base  water + ionic compound For example… HCl(aq) + KOH(aq)  H2O(l) + KCl(aq)

Why is this important? Treating chemical spills 150’000 L of sulfuric acid in Englehart, Ontario. 2007. Treated with calcium oxide Chemical spill, 2 step neutralization reaction CaO(s) + H2O(l)  Ca(OH)2(aq) Ca(OH)2 + H2SO4(aq) 2H2O(l) + CaSO4(aq) Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Why is this important? Medicine Stomach antacids Medicine Antacids -Stomach produces a solution of hydrochloric acid with pH as low as 1.5 -usually antacids have hydroxide and carbonate compounds -milk of magnesia contains magnesium hydroxide, can swallow without getting a chemical burn -2HCl(aq) + Mg(OH)2(aq)  2H20(l) + MgCl2(aq)

Acids and metals When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a compound with the cation of the metal and the anion of the acid, and hydrogen gas. Ex. Hydrochloric acid + zinc  hydrogen gas + zinc chloride 2HCl(aq) + Zn(s)  H2(g) + ZnCl2(aq)

WORK RIGHT NOW #jk GO Page 281 1, 2 (test hint hint) 3a) test hint hint 4) 5) (this one’s a brain tickler) 6, 7 (need to read text)