IMPERIALISM One Country’s domination of the political, economic, and social life of another country

Causes Political Rivalries—European Nations compete for power Economic Greed—grasp every opportunity to make profits Raw materials Expanded markets investments

Causes cont. Technological development Steamships reduced 2-month voyages to 2- weeks Undersea telegraph—communication in seconds New drugs—protection from tropical diseases Improved firearms—subdue and control colonies

Causes cont. Personal glory and profit Religious, Racial and Cultural Superiority Christian missionaries—Africa and Asia Colonial officials imposed western customs—language and life styles Social Darwinism—White Europeans “fittest” in the world Duty to spread western ideas to “backwards” people White Man’s Burden

Forms Colony—Territory that an imperialist power ruled directly Protectorate—Can have own govt. but imperialist power guided its policies—foreign affairs Sphere of Influence—Region of a country in which an imperialist power held exclusive investment or trading rights

Africa European Countries trick chiefs to sell land Built cities, roads, industries Forced labor, took over lands, high taxes External forces Machine gun, railroads and steamships, cure for malaria Internal forces Variety of cultures and languages, low level of technology, Ethnic strife

Africa Great Britain Protect Route to India—Suez Canal and Cape of Good Hope

Africa France, Belgium, Portugal, Spain, Italy—Political Status=Possession of Colonies

Africa Germany—Improve diplomatic position in Europe Congress of Berlin—1884—Division of Africa

Impact Positive Reduced local warfare Improved sanitation, hospitals, schools Increased life span and literacy rates Built railroads, dams, telephone and telegraph Negative Lost control of their land and independence Famines—cash crop v. subsistence agriculture New Diseases—smallpox Breakdown of traditional cultures Died resisting Division of the Continent

India British—Crown Jewel of the British Empire Positive Unified India under one Authority English the official language Established law and order Improved medical facilities Added Railroad, telegraph, irrigation and schools

India Negative Increased population—low food production—poverty and famine Forced to depend more on agriculture—loss of handcraft system Discrimination

Indian Nationalism Sepoy Rebellion—1857 Indian National Congress Muslim League

China Qing Dynasty— Treaty of Nanking—1842—Opium Wars Chinese forced to open 5 port cities to trade

China Extraterritoriality—Foreigners excused from trial by China Spheres of influence—Economic interests of a certain country were supreme

China Open-Door Policy—1899 All Nations to compete in Spheres of Influence Boxer Rebellion—1900 Kick Westerners out

Japan Commodore Matthew Perry—1853 Treaty of Kanagawa—Opened two ports Extraterritoriality--1858

Japan Meiji Restoration—Adoption of Western Ways Massive industrialization—increased military Social Reforms Compulsory education, legal system, government

Japan Imperialistic Increased population—need for food Lacked raw materials and markets Russo-Japanese War—1905 First time an Asian Country had defeated a European one