When did the Reformation occur? Middle Ages – a.k.a. “Age of Faith” or “Dark Ages” RenaissanceReformation ~500 - ~1450~ ~1600~ ~1650
To express strong objection To change or improve PROTESTant REFORMation
Catholic Church Corruption Power struggle between Popes & Kings Wealth Simony – buying or selling of a position in the Church
Catholic Church Corruption Power struggle between Popes & Kings Wealth Indulgences – a pardon purchased to absolve sin
The Great Schism Church HQ is moved to Avignon, France Next 6 Popes live in France; Pope Gregory moved back to Rome in 1377 Conflict btwn the French monarchs & the Church (Pope)
Papal Schism Rome Pope Three Popes Avignon Pope Church council elects 3 rd Pope
Papal Schism Caused arguments about which man holding the position of pope was the true pope. Ended with the Council of Constance (1414); all three were forced to resign, and a new pope was elected.
Calls for Reform John Wycliffe ~ questioned papal authority Jan Hus ~ criticized vast wealth Desiderius Erasmus ~ attacked corruption
Martin Luther German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism Critical of indulgences Believed salvation is a FREE gift from God, obtained by faith
Martin Luther German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism Critical of Pope Believed the Bible is the only true source of Christian doctrine
Martin Luther German monk, theologian, & father of Protestantism In 1517, Luther nailed the Ninety-Five Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg, Germany (Holy Roman Empire)
Catholic Response Pope Leo X demands Luther recant The Ninety-Five Theses Luther is brought before the Diet of Worms 1521: Luther is excommunicated