Substances Element Compound Pure substance that can NOT be separated into smaller substances. Ex: O2 & H2 Combination of 2 or more different elements that are chemically combined. Ex: H2O

Properties Physical Shape Color Weight Height Ex: Density of an element Chemical The ability to change into another substance Ex: Rust forming on metal

Properties Extensive Dependent upon the amt of substance present Ex: Mass, length, & volume Intensive Independent of the amt of substance present Ex: Density

States of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Plasma (4 th state of matter) Bose-Einstein Condensate (5 th state of matter)

Change Physical Can go from one state to another. Ex: water freezing to ice then melting back to water Chemical Can not go back to the original form Ex: Burning wood

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass reactants = Mass products Ex: A + B  C 100g + x  158 g X = ???

Law Of Conservation of Energy

Law of Definite Proportions No matter what, compound will always be composed of same elements in the same ratio (or proportion) Ex: Methane is written in symbol form as CH4 (never can be written differently or you would have a different compound) Percent by Mass = mass of element x 100 mass of compound

Law of Multiple Proportions When you have the same exact elements as another compound, you must have different proportions from one compound to the next. H2O and H2O2 You have the same exact elements (H & O) but they vary in their proportions

Mixtures: combination of 2 or more pure substances

Filtration Separates a solid from a liquid Ex: Separates sand from water

Distillation Separates homogeneous (uniform throughout) mixtures by using boiling points Ex: Distilled water

Crystallization Forms pure solid particles of a substance from a supersaturated solution.

Chromatography Separates components of a mixture by traveling across the surface of another material using a solvent such as water or alcohol.