Earths Layers Mesosphere Centrosphere Sial: name given to continental crust Sima: name given to the oceanic crust

Continental Drift Break up of Wegeners’ Pangaea Evidence in support of continental drift 1. coastline fit 2. Geological fit 3. paleoclimatology (study of past climates) 4. Fossil correlation

Plate tectonics Movement on the asthenosphere via powerful convection currents are the driving force that propels the plates at a rate of 2-3cm per year 3types of movement Diverge Converge Tear or strike ship

Divergent Plate Boundaries, Convergent Plate boundaries, And transforming Plate Boundaries

The Subduction Zone

Deformation of earth’s surface Folding and faulting Compression (pushing together)and tension (pulling apart) Anticlines and synclines with compressional tensions at work Draw your diagrams !

Rocks will respond to stress in 1 of 3ways 1. Brittle fracture is when a rock subjected to too much stress all at once- breaks 2. Elastic deformation occurs when a rock is subjected to slow, steady stress and it changes shape but goes back to original shape 3. Ductile deformation occurs when rock is subjected to slow steady stress over a period of time but is permanently deformed

Rocks and minerals 3 main types of Rock are: Igneous: Magma hardens it forms a rock type b)Ocean crust igneous rocks are basalts and gabbros or continental curst igneous rocks Sedimentary rocks- small particles settle compacting into Metamorphic rocks – intense heat and pressure via lithification

Rock cycle! Draw the rock cycle on page 12

Hot spring geysers Hot spring and geysers are commonly seen in volcanic regions where hot magma is close to the earth’s surface. Geysers are similar to hot springs the only difference is that water is released with more force than hot springs.

Fossil Fuels Non-renewable Created from the remains of ancient living organisms. Coal forms from the remains of buried plant matter. Over a LOT of time coal is formed Peat lignite Bituminous and anthracite

Oil and natural gas Oil forms from the remains of microscopic sea creatures that died and settled to the ocean floor. Perfect areas for such a process are continental shelves. 1-2 million years of pressure and heat from compacted sediment The final product of this transformation is natural gas

Earthquakes When stress-deformed rock breaks or release pressure by elastic rebound and suddenly shift position, severe shaking of the ground may occur. Shaking is caused by seismic waves, which originate at the location where the fracture and resulting sudden shift in rock occurred. The exact point in the earth where rock fracture occurs is known as the focus.

Earthquakes may also be caused by… the underground movement of magma, as in the case of an active volcano. Small earthquakes may occur when land masses sink or rise due to adjustment in their weight. Ex) Isostatic readjustment would be filling of large dam reservoirs. The weight of the water causes the weight of the earth to subside the removal of deep pockets of ground water can cause earth tremors.

Where do they occur? Most occur along plate boundaries When one grinds against another Pg 15 has some examples- When you are finished drawing your diagrams:

Waves 3kinds of waves: Compression wave-compression and expanding the ground-fastest- 1st to reach recording stations Shear wave- ripples through calm water- slower than compression-travels in a side to side motion Surface wave- also like ripple, responsible for shaking, causes the most damage.

Most common hazards Ground motion Fire Landslides Liquifacation Tsunamis Pg 16 In 5 groups explain which hazard is most dangerous

Research an earthquake in our near history. Find out What caused it Research an earthquake in our near history. Find out What caused it? What occurred during that Earthquake? /10 On 1 piece of blank paper represent the earthquake. 1. what happened (to people, area) /2 2. what did it measure on the Richter scale?/1 3. After math, did anything occur as a result? Explain. / 3 4. How did the plates move? / 1 5. Reaction( yours or the community’s) /2 - Images or appearance of presentation /1 Step 2- Tell the people in your group about the earthquake. Ask 1 question to someone who told you about an earthquake they researched. (write the question you asked and the answer on your sheet after the mini presentations) Hand in you mini presentation if you did not have a question then write an interesting fact your didn’t already know

Make a Prezi presentation