Animal Science What is Animal Science?

The study of the care, management and production of domestic animals Today’s animal science includes: biotechnology genetics research behavior research

Domestication To adapt the behavior and productivity of an animal to fit the needs of people.

Domestication Allowed us to select animals based on their productive traits. Most productive dairy cows The fastest growing beef cows The most feed efficient lambs Sheep that don’t shed their wool The chickens that lay the most eggs

Have you ever hunted a wild turkey?

The Wild Turkey Wild turkeys are naturally lean and muscular. They must be able to move fast to escape enemies. Wild turkeys are alert and cunning. They have to be to stay alive. Wild turkeys recognize predators. Wild turkeys protect themselves and their young.

Survival of the fittest…. The fastest The strongest The most observant The quickest to react

Behavioral Domestication The selection of the slowest and least reactive animals! Animals that could be caught! Animals that would accept confinement. Animals that would accept human interaction.

Your turkey dinner….

Domestication What was the first animal domesticated? 14,000 years ago!

Today’s domesticated animal… Most can not survive in wild Most poultry can not fly, But Why? Lean pigs do not have any body fat to keep them warm! Imagine the modern Dairy cow making it without proper nutritional support?

The Wild pig…

The Domesticated Pig …

Animal Uses Food Milk Meat Work Medicine & Research Clothing

Meat Production What types of animals are used for meat? Cattle Swine Lamb Horses Poultry Goat Buffalo

Meat Production Other significant sources of meat in other countries: Alpaca Llama Yak Deer Reindeer Fowl: duck, turkey, goose Elk Antelope Kangaroo Rabbit Guinea Pig

Meat Production Animals are the most efficient, enviromentally friendly users of plants. They can harvest and convert vegetation that is UNDIGESTIBLE by humans They create HIGH quality protein out of LOW quality protein plant sources 2/3 rds of the worlds agricultural land is not suitable for growing crops!  It is, however suitable for PASTURE!

Meat Production Meat Provides A balanced assortment of amino acids (proteins) that more closely matches the needs of the human body than that of plant based proteins. Vitamin B12 is required by the human body, and is not found in plants… only meat.

Milk Production Milk is the most inexpensive source of protein Cheese, ice cream, yogurt

MILK CONSUMPTION PER PERSON

The dairy industry… 90% of U.S. milk production comes from which dairy breed ? HOLSTIEN

Milk Production What types of animals are used for milk production? Dairy Cows  Produce 99% of the milk in the USA Beef Cows Sheep Goats Other:  Buffalo, Camel, reindeer, Yak, Horse

World total Milk Production

Animal By-Products Bones buttons, glue, mineral supplement for livestock feed (Calcium) Fat chemicals, salves, creams, dressings, lubricants, soaps, food Glands medicines, food additives

Animal By-Products Collagen (connective tissue in joints) glue & gelatin Intestinal & Stomach tissue lunch meats, surgical sutures, strings for musical & sports instruments (contents = fertilizer)

ANIMAL BY PRODUCTS

Animal Uses What are some other areas in which we use animals? Cultivate land Transportation Control other animals Assist physically & medically handicapped  Blind  Deaf  Medically challenged

Animal Uses Medicine & Research Production of medicines Development of safe pharmaceuticals and medical practices

Skin Footballs Purses, Shoes Hair Artist Brushes Hair brushes Medical Over 40 different human medicines are made Pig Heart Valves are used to replace human heart valves

Animal Uses Clothing Hides - leather Fibers - wool, mohair

What is the future of Animal Science? Genetic Manipulation (Engineering) Cloning Embryo Transplant Sexed Semen for AI Human Organ/Blood Transplantation