Journal #3  3.5 Review – Copy & answer OR Restate 1. Why did Britain pass the Sugar Act? 2. Explain what “No taxation without representation” means. 3. What did each of the following acts do: 1. Stamp Act 2. Townshend Act 3. Tea Act 4. Intolerable Acts 5. Quartering Act 4. How many people died in the Boston Massacre?

Tensions developed as the British government placed tax after tax on the colonies. 3.5 Conflict in the Colonies

Great Britain Raises Taxes After the French and Indian War Great Britain was in debt. to protect colonists against Indian attacks Britain kept a permanent army in the colonies to pay for this army Parliament passed the Sugar Act, which set duties (taxes) on molasses and sugar imported by the colonists British officials worked harder to arrest smugglers. The British navy began to stop and search ships for smuggled goods.

Taxation without Representation Parliament’s actions upset many colonists who had grown used to being independent. colonists thought that the taxes were unfair and hurt business many believed that Great Britain had no right to tax the colonies at all without the colonists agreeing to it colonists also believed there should be no taxes without representation in Parliament

at a Boston town meeting in May 1764, Samuel Adams told colonists that Parliament could not tax the colonists without their permission. He came up with the slogan “ No Taxation without Representation,” which spread throughout the colonies.

Adams helped create the Committees of Correspondence (committees created by the Massachusetts House of Representatives in the 1760s to help towns and colonies share information about resisting British laws) A popular method of protest was the boycott, in which people refused to buy British goods in hopes that it would hurt the British economy and might convince Parliament to end the new taxes.

Stamp Act The Stamp Act of 1765 was a law passed by Parliament that raised tax money by requiring colonists to pay for an official stamp whenever they bought paper items such as newspapers, licenses, and legal documents If colonists refused to buy stamps they could be fined or sent to jail.

Protests against the Stamp Act started immediately. Colonists, led by Samuel Adams, formed a secret society called the Sons of Liberty in Boston. They sometimes used violence to threaten tax collectors. Parliament repealed the Stamp Act in 1766 because of pressure from colonists in Boston. colonists said the act was a violation of their rights and liberties.

Members of Parliament were upset that colonists had challenged their authority. Because of this they created the Declaratory Act, which stated that Parliament had the power to make laws for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever.” This further worried colonists as it stripped away much of their independence.

Townshend Acts In June 1767 Parliament passed the Townshend Acts which placed taxes on glass, lead, paints, paper, and tea. colonists responded again by boycotting many British goods. To control the colonists in Boston from becoming violent, British soldiers were stationed to keep the peace.

Boston Massacre Colonists in Boston saw the presence of British troops in Boston as a threat. March 5, 1770 – an argument between a British soldier and a colonist drew a crowd. The soldier hit the colonist and the crowd reacted by throwing snowballs and shouting insults at the soldier. A small number of troops arrived and the colonists grew louder. The soldiers fired into the crowd killing 3 people immediately & 2 more died within a few days.

Samuel Adams and other protesters spread the story – calling it “ The Boston Massacre ” They used it as propaganda – a story giving only one side in an argument – against the British.

The Boston Tea Party To reduce the tensions in the colonies, Parliament repealed all of the Townshend Acts except for the tax on tea on Apr. 12, 1770 To encourage colonists to buy British tea, Parliament passed the Tea Act which made British tea cheaper than colonial tea. (which would cause colonists to buy British tea and in return Britain would get more tax money). December 16, 1773 – colonists dressed as Indians snuck onto 3 British ships that were filled with tea. They dumped 340 chests of tea into Boston Harbor.

The Intolerable Acts Parliament passed the Intolerable Acts in 1774 which were laws passed by Parliament to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party and to tighten government control of the colonies.. Some pieces of the act… 1. Boston Harbor was closed until Boston paid for the ruined tea. 2. Massachusetts’s charter was canceled (the colony was now under direct British rule). 3. A new Quartering Act required colonists to house British soldiers. 4. General Thomas Gage was made the new governor of Massachusetts

Britain hoped these would bring order back to the colonies but they increased people’s anger instead.