Chapter 14 – Surge of Liberalism and Nationalism: Revolution, Counterrevolution, and Unification The Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna – Important Players Prince Klemens von Metternich ( ) of Austria Robert Stewart, Viscount Castlereagh ( ) of Britain Tsar Alexander I ( ) of Russia Prince Charles Maurice de Tallyrand- Perigord ( ) of France Prince Karl von Hardenberg ( ) of Prussia

Major Players

Congress of Vienna – Issues All major representatives were conservative, anti-liberal, anti-national Sought a balance of power between nations so none could dominate as had Napoleonic France Two issues stood in the way: Prussia’s desire to expand into Germany Russia’s desire for an independent Poland

Congress of Vienna – Settlement I No severe punishment for France France needed for balance of power France to pay a large indemnity France to submit to allied occupation Territorial allocations Holland gained Belgium Prussia gained the Rhineland and part of Saxony Russia obtained Finland and much of the Polish territories Lombardy and Venetia in northern Italy restored to Austria England obtained naval bases at Helgoland (North Sea), Malta, and Ionian islands (Mediterranean), Cape Colony (South Africa), and Ceylon (Indian Ocean) Germany organized into a 38-state confederation Norway to Sweden

Settlement - Map

Congress of Vienna – The Settlement II … Restoration All legitimate rulers who had been displaced by Napoleon were put back in place (France, Portugal, Kingdom of Two Sicilies, Spain, Papal States, and many German states) Ignored emerging liberal and national feelings Balance of Power