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Chapter Menu Chapter Introduction Section 1:Section 1:The Opposing Sides Section 2:Section 2:The Early Stages Section 3:Section 3:Life During the War Section 4:Section 4:The Turning Point Section 5:Section 5:The War Ends Visual Summary

Section 3-Main Idea Big Ideas Trade, War, and Migration The Civil War brought great suffering and widespread changes to civilians, as well as soldiers, on both sides of the conflict.

Section 3-Key Terms Content Vocabulary hardtack prisoner of war Academic Vocabulary denial supplement

Section 3-Key Terms People and Events to Identify 54th Massachusetts Elizabeth Blackwell United States Sanitary Commission Clara Barton

A.A B.B Section 3-Polling Question Do you think you could endure hardships in order to defend a cause? A.Yes B.No

Section 3 The Wartime Economies While the South suffered inflation and food shortages, the North prospered during the war.

Section 3 The collapse of the South’s transportation system, the blockade of Southern ports, and the presence of Union troops in several important agricultural regions led to severe food shortages during the winter of 1862–1863. The Wartime Economies (cont.) The North experienced an economic boom because of the war for several reasons: ‒ Growing industries supplied the troops with uniforms, munitions, and other necessities.

Section 3 −The expanded use of mechanized reapers and mowers made farming possible with fewer workers, many of whom were women. The Wartime Economies (cont.) −Women filled labor shortages in various industries.  New sewing machines greatly increased the productivity of seamstresses.

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 The North experienced episodes of mob violence over which issue? A.Food shortages B.Slavery C.The presidential election D.Conscription

Section 3 African Americans in the Military Many African Americans eagerly enlisted in the Union war effort.

Section 3 The Emancipation Proclamation officially permitted African Americans to enlist in the Union forces. −Almost immediately, thousands of African Americans enlisted. African Americans in the Military (cont.) Among the first African American regiments organized in the North was the 54th Massachusetts, which fought valiantly at the Battle of Fort Wagner. The Battle of Fort Wagner

A.A B.B C.C D.D Section 3 Which percentage of the Union army’s soldiers were African Americans? A.5% B.7% C.9% D.11%

Section 3-End

Figure 4

DFS Trans 5

Vocab1 greenback a piece of U.S. paper money first issued by the North during the Civil War

Vocab2 conscription requiring people to enter military service

Vocab3 habeas corpus a legal order for an inquiry to determine whether a person has been lawfully imprisoned

Vocab4 attrition the act of wearing down by constant harassment or attack

Vocab5 sufficient enough, adequate

Vocab6 implement to put into action; to assemble

Vocab7 bounty money given as a reward, as to encourage enlistment in the army

Vocab8 blockade runner ship that runs through a blockade, usually to smuggle goods through a protected area

Vocab9 assemble to bring together in a certain place for a particular purpose

Vocab10 crucial something considered important or essential

Vocab11 hardtack a hard biscuit made of wheat flour

Vocab12 prisoner of war a person captured in war

Vocab13 denial refusal to satisfy a request or desire

Vocab14 supplement an addition to something, meant to make it complete

Vocab15 forage to search or raid for food

Vocab16 siege a military blockade of a city or fortified place to force it to surrender

Vocab17 encounter to come upon face-to-face as an enemy or adversary

Vocab18 promote to advance in station, rank, or honor

Vocab19 pillage to loot or plunder

Vocab20 mandate authorization to act given to a representative

Vocab21 subordinate one who is under the authority of a superior

Vocab22 structure something that is composed or arranged into a unified whole, as a building or edifice

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