University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 What is Design? HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Winter 2012 With credit to Jake Wobbrock, Dave Hendry, Andy Ko, Jennifer Turns, & Mark Zachry

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Agenda  Announcements  Lecture & Discussion – What is Design?  Break – 5 mins  IDEO Deep Dive video  What is Design? Videos & discussion  Next class

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Announcements  R1 due now  A1 due on Wednesday  R2 due next Wednesday  P0 due next Wednesday  No class on Monday, Jan. 16 th (MLK Jr. Day)  Questions?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 P0 – Design Question & Team Form  Determine your project design question & at least 3 research questions  More on Wednesday on how to do this  Identify team members and complete team form  P0-TeamForm.doc P0-TeamForm.doc  Due Wednesday, January 18 th  Time this Wednesday to discuss teams

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Project Topic Ideas (handout)  Enter a student design competition  e.g., Accessible Voting Project  Do an industry-sponsored activity  Anything else you’re interested in  Should identify a population and a problem  e.g., how can technology support long distance bicyclers in finding restaurants and accommodations?  e.g., how can technology help shoppers find what they’re looking for at a farmer’s market?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 LECTURE & DISCUSSION – WHAT IS DESIGN?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 What is Design?  Process of creating or shaping tools or artifacts for direct human use Processes, methods Creative endeavor Outputs are thingspeople-centered concerns

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Characteristics of Design  Design…  is conscious  keeps human concerns in the center  is a conversation with materials  is creative  is communication  has social implications  is a social activity

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Design vs. Engineering  Engineering  Make a mostly-known outcome possible  Construct a sturdy bridge based on specifications  Concerned with what can be done  Reliance on well-established formulae  Humans may or may not be directly “in the loop”  Design  Envision new possibilities, new outcomes  Determine what outcome should result among infinite possibilities  Reliance on process over formulae  Humans are central actors “in the loop”

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Design vs. Art  Design (as we regard it) concerns the creation of something useful and usable  Art does not bother with this restriction  The test: how to deem what is “good”?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Other Contrasts  Interface vs. interaction design  Artifact versus sequence  Graphic < interface < interaction < user experience  Usability vs. user experience (UX) design  Evaluation of understandability vs. holistic design  Designing it right vs. the right design  Often, poor usability leads to a bad user experience, but not necessarily

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 design vs. Design  design: the general activity we've been talking about so far  Design: the formal field, including theory, methods, literature, and practice

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Who Does Design?  Designers!  Designers are often…  Applied anthropologists  Design ethnographers  Social psychologists  Cognitive psychologists  Experimental psychologists  Computer scientists  Engineers  Interface designers  Interaction designers  Industrial designers  Graphic designers  Information architects  Usability professionals  Technical writers  Dramatists

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Can Anyone be a Designer?  Don Norman says “yes”  Mostly in the “design” sense  Bill Buxton says “no”  Mostly in the “Design” sense  Not really a clear consensus on this

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545

What is Designed?  “Look around you. The only thing not designed is Nature.”  David Kelley  Anything consciously intended for human use is designed  Often poorly, though

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Why is Design Hard?  Interface design is multidisciplinary  Judging/predicting which designs will be successful and which will not is difficult  It is simply hard to come up with good solutions  The space of “the possible” is vast compared to the space of “the good”

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Why is Design Hard?  All design involves making tradeoffs  Can't maximize everything  Good designs are non-obvious  Humans are unpredictable  Humans make errors  Design relies on process expertise, not knowledge expertise

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Core Skills of Design  To synthesize a solution from all of the relevant constraints, understanding everything that will make a difference to the result  To frame, or reframe, the problem and objective  To create and envision alternatives.  To select from those alternatives, knowing intuitively how to choose the best approach.  To visualize and prototype the intended solution

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 One View of the Design Process

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Sketches on Design Thinking (Andy Ko)

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Design is Not Just “Lipstick on a Pig”  Not just changing how things look  Or making things pretty  Or designing graphics

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Interaction Design Mantras  “The user is not like me.” –Don Norman  “The best way to have good ideas is to have lots of ideas.” – Linus Pauling  “Fail often to succeed sooner.” – IDEO  “Enlightened trial-and-error succeeds over the careful planning of the lone genius.” – IDEO

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 “The user is not like me”  Why not?  Designers are much more familiar with the interface and with the problems being solved than users.  Designers are confident. Users are often fearful.  Designers work in settings that are different than the context in which the product may be used.  Designers may have different skills than users (e.g., perceptual, cognitive, or domain skills).  (from Don Norman)

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Remember this Mantra:  “The user is not like me”

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 A1: Thinking about Design  Think about the objects with which you interact and how they’re designed  Derive design principles  Assignment description posted online (A1)  Due Wednesday, 1/11/11

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 BREAK – 5 MINUTES

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 VIDEOS – WHAT IS DESIGN?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 IDEO's Deep Dive  Excellent example of the user-centered design process  IDEO's Deep Dive Video  Part  Part  Part 3 -

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Discussion

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Interviews from Moggridge (2007)  Gillian Crampton Smith (Director, Ivrea)  What is interaction design?  4 minutes  Bill Verplank (Xerox Star)  MyPC  3 minutes  Cordell Ratzlaff (Mac OS X)  MyPC  3 minutes

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Lessons?  What lessons do these interviews hold?

University of Washington HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Next Class Topics  Wednesday, January 11th  The User-Centered Design Process  Upcoming Work  Next set of readings and reflections  Assignment 1  Begin thinking about project topics and team members