The Reconstruction Era

Review 1. What war ended in 1865? 2. What happened shortly after the war to a key leader that called into question the “victory” of the North? 3. What two sides were fighting? What was each side fighting for? 4. What was the status of African Americans? North? South?

Reconstruction What is Reconstruction? The re-building of the nation after the Civil War Re-building of the South Well, what is the big deal? Just put it back together, right? WRONG?

After the War South lay in ruins (destroyed) Southern economy collapsed - WHY????? Southern States seceded from the Union What the heck does that mean??? Nearly 4 million freedman (freed slaves) needed food, clothing, & jobs The North and South were VERY divided about how to fix it

Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C.Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., B-4667.

Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C.Ruins seen from the Circular Church, Charleston, S.C., B-4667.

Aftershock 1

We tried all sorts of things Lincoln’s Reconstruction Johnson’s Reconstruction Radical Reconstruction Congressional Reconstruction

Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Reunite Union quickly Did not want to punish the South Many in Congress didn’t like Lincoln’s plan & wanted a stricter form of Reconstruction ACTIVITY: Proclamation of Amnesty & Reconstruction

Lincoln is assassinated by John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865 Andrew Johnson became President John Wilkes Booth

Reconstruction Plan of Andrew Johnson In each southern states, a majority of voters must swear loyalty to the U.S. Each state must approve the 13 th Amendment Then each state could rejoin the Union Aftershock 2Aftershock 2 (0:00-8:30) Andrew Johnson, Vice President & President

The Black Codes To limit the rights of freedmen. To help planters find workers to replace their slaves. To keep freedmen at the bottom of the social order in the South. ACTIVITY: First-Hand Accounts of Black Codes

Response to Johnson’s Plan How do you think northern Republicans liked Johnson’s plan? What do you think northern Republicans feared?

Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans in Congress decide to take over Reconstruction Break the power of the southern planters Impose Republican govt’s Station Federal troops in South Make sure African Americans had the right to vote

Radical Reconstruction What Amendment freed the slaves? 14 th Amendment, th Amendment, 1870 AVTIVITY: Studying the Amendments

Who won? Did Andrew Johnsons executive authority overpower congress? Did the Radical Republicans take control and override Johnson? Aftershock 3

Southern Resistance Who has heard of the KKK? Does anyone know when the KKK began? Aftershock: KKK

Reconstruction Ends… Republicans lost power on congress Northern Americans lost passion for the fight Rutherford B. Hayes made a private deal with southern politicians to win election Remove Federal troops from the South “Redeemer” governments replaced republicans in the South White Supremacy rages on in Southern states

Blacks could still vote, right? Southern states passed laws to bar blacks from voting Poll tax and literacy test. The “Grandfather Clause” stated that anyone whose father or grandfather could vote before January, Pay a Poll Tax Take a literacy test

Sharecropping Many poor black families in the south took to the life of sharecroppers… What a better way to learn about sharecropping than to play a game! ACTIVITY: Sharecropping simulation

Project Time! It will be your group’s job to put together your own plan for reconstruction! Everyone group will be assigned a role Free black Former slave owner Northern Republican Scalawag