4A7 Design and the Built Environment Energy Efficient Building 1994 to 2005 The Dark Ages (including 1999 electricity regulations act.,) 2005 Energy Performance of Buildings Directive 2006 Biomass/CHP/DHS 2006 Grid-connected PV 2006 Green Building twelve-year case study 2007 Café-Restaurant chain study 2007 Local Authority improvements to Building Regulations 2007 House of the future project

Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) The EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) contains a range of provisions aimed at improving energy performance in residential and non-residential buildings, both new-build and existing. The EPBD obliges specific forms of information and advice on energy to be provided to building purchasers, tenants and users. The intention is that this information and advice will help consumers to make informed decisions leading to practical actions to improve energy performance. EU Directive on the Energy Performance of Buildings (EPBD) As part of the Directive, a Building Energy Rating (BER) certificate, which is effectively an energy label, will be required at the point of sale or rental of a building, or on completion of a new building. The BER will be accompanied by an "Advisory Report" setting out recommendations for cost-effective improvements to the energy performance of the building. However there will be no legal obligation on vendors or prospective purchasers to carry out the recommended improvements. From 1 January 2007 new dwellings that applied for planning permission on or after 1 January 2007, will require BER before they are offered for sale or rent. This requirement will be extended to all new non-residential buildings in July 2008 and to existing buildings offered for sale or rent in January 2009.

Key Documents The following documents provide further details on the EPBD and its implementation in Ireland: Core Documents Energy Performance of Buildings Directive EPBD Action Plan, July 2006 Draft Action Plan, April 2005 EC Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation 2006EC Energy Performance of Buildings Regulation 2006 (S.I. No. 666 of 2006) Building Energy Rating Certificate EC Inspection and Assessment of Certain Air-Conditioning Systems Regulation 2006 (S.I. No. 346 of 2006) Briefing Documents SEI briefing on EPBD This two page document outlines the context, broad scope and thrust of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Better Buildings Information leaflet produced by European Commission DG TREN on the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Towards Energy Efficient Buildings in Europe This report produced by EuroACE in June 2004 sets out details of the policies being adopted by each European government to improve energy efficiency in buildings.SEI briefing on EPBDBetter BuildingsTowards Energy Efficient Buildings in Europe

Key Documents The following documents provide further details on the EPBD and its implementation in Ireland: Energy Performance of Buildings – Legal context and practical implementation legislation This report by ENPER TEBUC documents the legal context for implementation of energy performance regulations in Europe and gives a qualitative indication of the overall situation with regard to its implementation.Energy Performance of Buildings – Legal context and practical implementation legislation Commissioned Studies SEI has commissioned a number of strategic studies to inform the proposed implementation of the EPBD in Ireland. Completed studies are posted below. Review of existing Home Energy Rating SchemesReview of existing Home Energy Rating Schemes Review of administration software options: Report 1 - Review of International Best Practice Report 2 - Review of existing data on Irish Households Report 3 - Review of existing certification schemes in Ireland Report 1 - Review of International Best Practice Report 2 - Review of existing data on Irish HouseholdsReport 3 - Review of existing certification schemes in Ireland Review of calculation & survey software options Review of current practices regarding inspection of air-conditioning systems in IrelandReview of calculation & survey software optionsReview of current practices regarding inspection of air-conditioning systems in Ireland

Key Documents The following documents provide further details on the EPBD and its implementation in Ireland: National Building Regulations and related Technical Guidance Documents are the responsibility of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government.Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government EPBD E-Update EPBD E-Update January 2006EPBD E-Update January 2006; (PDF, 112KB) EPBD E-Update July 2006EPBD E-Update July 2006; (PDF, 80KB) EPBD E-Update August 2006;EPBD E-Update August 2006; (PDF 43KB) EPBD E-Update Nov 27th 2006EPBD E-Update Nov 27th 2006; (PDF, 44KB) EPBD E-Update Nov 28th 2006EPBD E-Update Nov 28th 2006; (PDF, 39KB)

Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP) The DEAP manual describes the Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP), which is the Irish official procedure for calculating and assessing the energy performance of dwellings. The procedure takes account of the energy required for space heating, ventilation, water heating and lighting, less savings from energy generation technologies. For standardised occupancy, it calculates annual values of delivered energy consumption, primary energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and costs, both totals and per square metre of total floor area of the dwelling. Please click here to download the DEAP manual Version 2 (January 2007)Please click here to download the DEAP manual Version 2 (January 2007). Please click here to download the DEAP Workbook, Version (January 2007). DEAP Press Release Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure Published by SEI Dwellings Energy Assessment Procedure Published by SEI Date: 29/06/2006 Summary: The DEAP is the procedure for assessing the energy performance of new dwellings, for the purpose of demonstrating compliance with Part L (Conservation of Fuel and Energy) of the national Building Regulations.

A primary aim of the Directive is to make energy performance of a building transparent and available to potential purchasers or tenants. The availability of this information may influence the market.

Two important things happened this year (2006), they were: - 4th of January, the adoption of the Energy Performance Buildings DirectiveEnergy Performance Buildings Directive 19th of May, latest revision of Technical Guidance Document Part L – Building Regulations “The aim of Part L of the First Schedule to the Building Regulations is to limit the use of fossil fuel energy and related CO2 emissions arising from the operation of buildings, while ensuring that occupants can achieve adequate levels of lighting and thermal comfort”.

First, Part L of the Building Regulations. You should know that the Heat Energy Rating used in previous versions of the Building Regulations is now gone and has been replaced by the Domestic Energy Assessment Procedure (DEAP). This software will calculate the energy efficiency of the building and its Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rating (CDER). Carbon Dioxide is now a key indicator for compliance under Part L. For those of you that are not familiar with this method of compliance I strongly recommend that you down load your free copy from the SEI(Sustainable Energy Ireland) web site and plug in your buildings data to see if you comply. If you don’t have the technical skills to do this then you should find somebody that has, (one of the newly trained BER assessors, in 2007). The CDER for your building is compared to a Maximum Permissible Carbon Dioxide Emission Rating (MPCDER) to determine compliance. So can you see how carbon dioxide has replace heat energy as the method of demonstrating compliance?

The main components of a BER are: - Independent assessed (you can’t self assess) Valid for 10 years Advisory Report (recommendations on how to make improvements or save energy) Includes Building Fabric, Heating, Hot water, ventilation, air-conditioning, and lighting Calls for regular boiler test under 100 kW Requires air-conditioning units greater than 12 KW to be tested every 2 years Minimum Energy & Emissions performance as determined using DEAP

The bands of the BER label (A to G) have been finalised in increments of 25 kWh / m2 / yr.BER labe 1997 Building Regulations equated to a Maximum Permitted Heat Energy Rating of 160 – 190 kWh / m2 / year {BER - C1-C2} 2002 Building Regulations equated to a Maximum Permitted Heat Energy Rating of 90 – 120 kWh / m2 / year {BER - B1 – B2} “A” rated buildings using EPBD will need to use less than 75 kWh / m2 / year “Passive Solar” buildings have a rating of “<15” kWh / m2 / year

4. Through the introduction of a performance based CO2 emissions target for all new building developments greater than 10 dwellings or greater than 1,000 sqm floor area for non residential and mixed developments; 5. In meeting the CO2 performance target, the development shall achieve a collective average reduction of at least 40% in energy consumption for space heating, cooling, water heating and lighting within the development, relative to the baseline of existing regulatory and design practice and using the methodology outlined below. The specific approach is to set a target, accompanied by a menu of design and technology options, including renewable energy technologies, as a means of offering flexibility towards meeting that target in the most technically and economically feasible manner on a case by case basis. The CO2 emissions target shall require a collective reduction of at least 40% in CO2 emissions deriving from energy use for space heating, cooling, water heating and lighting within the development, relative to a baseline of prevailing norms. The initial baseline of comparison is the DoEHLG Technical Guidance Document L (Conservation of Fuel and Energy - May 2006 Edition). Furthermore at least 20% of space and water heating shall be from a renewable energy source. Variation to the County Development Plan, entitled:- NEW ENERGY POLICY ET7 15 th February 2007

How can these new standards be achieved Improved insulation Elimination of thermal bridges Structural sealing Balanced ventilation with heat recovery High efficiency lighting Limited to Heating, Hot water, ventilation, air- conditioning, and lighting Bring 90kWh/m 2 /yr down to 50kWh/m 2 /yr i.e. required reduction of more than 40%

Options for meeting renewable energy requirements Biomass (space heating and hot water) Solar thermal (hot water only) Solar PV (electricity) Wind (non-turbulent areas) Heat Pump (heat sink) Local and primary energy consumption

Fuel Data (SEI model) Fuel typePrimary EnergykgCO 2 /kWhc/kWh Factor Mains gas Coal Wood pellet Bags Wood chip Electricity Day 6.99Night

Comparative “costs” Typical 120m 2 house6,000kWh/yr Fuel typePrimary EnergykgCO 2 Mains gas6,6001,218 Coal6,6002,166 Wood pellet6, Wood chip6, Electricity16,2003,858

Schmitt Enertec FMB-400-GSMK 497kWThermal Power 334kWEl Power 1,038kWGas Consumption (HHV) Primary fuel equivalents 902kWPrimary equivalent of El Power 136kWNet primary equivalent of heating 366%Equivalent thermal efficiency CO 2 figures (kg) 215Displaced grid CO 2 211CO 2 from gas consumed 4Net CO 2 emission 112CO 2 from gas heating system 4%CHP/Gas Heating CHP Environmentals