Section 5.24 The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy.

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Presentation transcript:

Section 5.24 The Formation of an Austrian Monarchy

The Start of the 30 Years’ War Begins in 1618 with the Defenestration of Prague Results in defeat of Protestants at White Mt. in 1620 and Ferdinand II’s redistribution of Bohemian estates to new nobles

Europe 1648 Note the size of Poland Note the size of the Ottoman Empire Note the size of Austria HRE is badly weakened Hapsburgs (still Monarchs of HRE) begin to concentrate of eastern territories

The Recovery and Growth of Habsburg Power Thirty Years War devastated HRE Charles’ V dream of a united, centralized Catholic empire was crushed Hapsburgs begin to centralize eastern dominions Emperor Ferdinand II from the house of Habsburg and his first wife, Maria Anna of Bavaria. Made King of Hungary in 1625, King of Bohemia in 1627, and King of the Romans in 1636.Emperor Ferdinand II Habsburg BavariaHungaryBohemia

“Hereditary provinces” of Upper and Lower Austria (Tyrol, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola) Kingdom of Bohemia (Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia) Kingdom of Hungary (Hungary, Transylvania, Croatia) The three dominions of Austria Proper

Centralizing Bohemia sociopolitical developments after 1620 Ferdinand II Confiscated Protestant lands –Gave them to loyal Catholic lords Eradicated Protestantism Extended robot Later formed permanent standing army * Bohemia is a test case of absolutism

Ottoman’s Return Huge empire based in Anatolian Peninsula Politically –No hereditary nobility –Janissary slaves administered federal bureaucracy –Millet System Self governing regions of Ottoman empire who administered their separate regions –Janissary corps Christian slaves trained as elite troops Created by a “tax” paid in form of children Economically –No private property Invaded Austria and besieged Vienna in 1683

Vienna besieged by Turks Led by John Sobieski (King of Poland) Hungary comes to rescue Austria 1683 Poland (Sobieski), Russia, and Italy help push the Turks away from Vienna King John Sobieski

Austrian Empire Defeats Turks at battle of Zenta Peace of Karlowitz (1699) –Austria takes Hungary, Transylvania, and Croatia for Austria at 1700 –Hungarian nobles resist centralization of Hapsburgs

The Austrian Monarchy by 1740 Three Dominions had: –Own separate laws –Political administration –Separate religions Hungarians mostly protestant –Early nationalism Hapsburg monarch is the glue holding the three regions together

Charles VI ( ) organizes the “Pragmatic Sanction” All internal members of the Empire agree to let Maria Theresa inherit all titles of the empire –Hapsburg possessions were never to be divided and were always to be passed intact to a single heir 1740 Charles VI dies and “War of the Austrian Succession” breaks out

Label the Empires, Seas, Rivers