What is this about?

Trivia Question What is the strongest muscle in the body?

Answer

Blood Flow Heart Lungs Arteries Veins Capillaries Pulmonary Circulation

Heart Location of heart….

Heart Purpose: To pump oxygenated blood out to the body so that the body can carry out its daily functions and work properly.

Four Chambers of the Heart Upper Two Chambers: Left and right atriums Lower Two Chambers: Left and right ventricles Draw picture of the four squares….

Lungs Healthy Lungs

Lungs of a Smoker On left, Empysema On right, Lung Cancer

What's in a Cigarette? There are approximately 600 ingredients in cigarettes. When burned, they create more than 4,000 chemicals. At least 50 of these chemicals are known to cause cancer, and many are poisonous. Many of these chemicals are also found in consumer products, but these products have warning labels. While the public is warned about the danger of the poisons in these products, there is no such warning for the toxins in tobacco smoke. Here are a few of the chemicals in tobacco smoke, and other places they are found: Acetone – found in nail polish remover Acetic Acid – an ingredient in hair dye Ammonia – a common household cleaner Arsenic – used in rat poison Benzene – found in rubber cement Butane – used in lighter fluid Cadmium – active component in battery acid Carbon Monoxide – released in car exhaust fumes Formaldehyde – embalming fluid Hexamine – found in barbecue lighter fluid Lead – used in batteries Napthalene – an ingredient in moth balls Methanol – a main component in rocket fuel Nicotine – used as insecticide Tar – material for paving roads Toluene - used to manufacture paint

Healthy Lungs vs. Smokers

Lungs Purpose: Takes in non-oxygenated blood and oxygenates that blood. It then sends that oxygenated blood back to the heart to be pumped out to the body for use.

Arteries Blood Pressure…. High and Low (Dehydration, severe bleeding etc.)

Arteries Arteries = “Away” Arteries: blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

Veins

Veins = “Towards you” Veins: blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart.

Capillaries Tiny blood vessels that carry blood from the arteries to the body’s cells and from cells to the veins.

Pulmonary Arteries Carry blood containing carbon dioxide (non-oxygenated blood) from your heart to your lungs.

Pulmonary Veins Carry blood containing oxygenated blood from your lungs to your heart.

Pulmonary Circulation Definition: the flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart. (Whiteboard Drawing of stickman, lungs and heart)

Flow of Blood Through Heart Blood flows to the heart through the Superior and Inferior Vena Cava, into the RIGHT ATRIUM, then drops into the RIGHT VENTRICLE. Blood is then pumped to the lungs through the PULMONARY ARTERY. From the lungs, the blood returns to the heart through the PULMONARY VEIN. Blood flows into the LEFT ATRIUM, then drops down to the LEFT VENTRICLE. From the left ventricle the blood is pumped to the body through the AORTA.

Valves A tissue that prevents the back flow of blood into the heart They open and close to let the blood flow in only one direction. **** Think of them like a traffic cop….

Liver and Kidneys Wastes from your blood are carried to these for removal from your body.

Trivia Question How far would all your blood vessels stretched out be?

Answer: 100,000 miles!!! That’s enough to circle the Earth four times!!

Trivia Question How many times does your blood cycle through in one day?

Answer *1,000 cycles in one day!! *Roughly 100,000 heartbeats in one day.

Diseases/Disorders Hypertension: Blood pressure higher than normal for a long time Can lead to a heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.

Diseases/Disorders Heart Attack: Stoppage of flow of blood to the heart.

Diseases/Disorders Stroke: Cluster of blood cells (blood clot) blocks blood vessel in brain.

Heart Video (2:56)

Diseases/Disorders Diabetes: The body does not produce enough insulin that allows glucose (food broken down) into the cells. So, even though the blood has plenty of glucose, the cells are not getting it for their essential energy and growth requirements because of the lack of insulin. Insulin helps with glucose transport (getting energy out to the body)

Diabetes Type I: a disorder in which the body does not produce insulin (a hormone that aids in moving sugar from the blood to the cells). Those with Type I Diabetes are required to take insulin injections to move sugar from the bloodstream. (Usually you are born with Type I). Type II: occurs when insulin that the body produces is less efficient at moving sugar out of the bloodstream. Usually caused from obesity. Those with Type II treat with exercise, eating healthier, weight loss.

Diabetes (cont’d) When glucose builds up in the bloodstream, it can cause two problems: in the short term, cells become starved for energy because they do not have access to the glucose in the long term, frequent glucose build-up increases the acidity of the blood, damaging many of the body's organs, including the eyes, kidneys, nerves and/or heart

Trivia Question What is the #1 cause of death in America?

Diseases/Disorders Cardiovascular Disease: The build up of plaque in the arteries that causes a stop of blood flow resulting in a stroke or heart attack. THE #1 cause of death in America. Primary cause of cardiovascular disease = Not exercising enough!!! What can you argue is the most important class of your life???….

Blood Pressure Diastolic Systolic Normal BP is 115/75 (Systolic/Diastolic)

Diastolic Pressure Minimum pressure in arteries; occurs at the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are relaxing (filling up with blood).

Systolic Pressure Peak pressure in the arteries; occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting

Questions?

Review Talk to your elbow partner about the circulatory system Define any questions you may have about what was covered today Tell a story of someone you know who has a problem with his/her circulatory system What are things you can do now to prevent hypertension and/or a heart attack/stroke in the future?

Heart Lab Groups of 6 people 2 buckets (1 with water, 1 not) at each group 1 sponge at each group Goal: To try and get all the water from one bucket to the other in 60 seconds. Good luck!