CHAPTER 9-1 KINGDOM PROTISTA

A. WHAT ARE THEY? Page 230 Single or many celled - may live in colonies Live in moist or wet environments Eukaryotic Great variety –Plant like (producers) –Animal like (consumers) –Fungi like (decomposers)

B. Plant like protists Algae - One or many celled -Makes own food -Contains chlorophyll / chloroplasts -Grouped according to their pigments

1. Diatoms – phylum Chrysophyta chryso = golden brown a) One celled b) photosynthetic c) stores food in the form of oil d) gold-brown pigment masks the green e) Their shells collect on the sea floor 1) used for road line reflection and toothpaste f) Made of silica (SiO 2 )– used in glass production Diatom Video

2. Dinoflagellates – phylum Pyrrophyta a) “fire algae” – red pigment b) 2 flagella - one moves the cell - one causes it to spin c) food stored as starch and oils d) food source for salt water organisms

RED TIDE

3. Green Algae – phylum Chlorophyta a) 7,000 species – most diverse group of protists b) green pigment (photosynthesis) c) food stored in the form of starch d) lives in water, on tree trunks, decks, and other organisms e) one or many celled

Take a look at these cool Green Algae SPIROGYRA Video VOLVOX Video Algae used as a bio-fuel source

4. Red Algae – phylum Rhodophyta rhodo = red a) used for pudding and toothpaste (gives it its smooth texture) b) stores food as carbohydrates c) most are many celled d) Red pigment helpful in absorbing limited light in deep ocean depths.

5. Brown Algae – phylum Phaeophyta a) many celled b) Kelp c) used in ice cream and marshmallows d) produces a carb. Called “algin” e) used to make fertilizer f) home (shelter) to many aquatic animals

UNDER SEA FOREST Kelp Video

6. Euglenas – phylum Euglenophyta a) Have both plant and animal characteristics b) Contains chloroplasts – makes sugar c) Get food when light is not present d) No cell walls e) strong flexible membrane that helps it change shape f) Use of flagella for movement g) Eye spot – responds to light…..Why? Euglena Video

C. Animal Like Protists Called protozoa Live in water, soil, and other organisms Many are parasites Contain digestive vacuoles 4 kinds 1)Sarcodines3) Ciliates 2)Flagellates4) Sporozoans -Classified by their method of…… MOVEMENT

1. Sarcodines - phylum Rizopoda ex. Amoeba a) use of pseudopods for movement and feeding - “false foot” - extensions of the cytoplasm - kind of like endocytosis b) found in both salt and fresh water c) some found as parasites inside animals Amoeba Video

2. Flagellates phylum - Zoomastigina Mutualism a) move by using flagella b) live in fresh water – some are parasites c) examples: - Trypanosoma causes African sleeping sickness. - Some live in termites and produce enzymes that allow termites to digest wood. This relationship is called………..

3. Ciliates – phylum Ciliophora a) move using cilia b) example: Paramecium - 2 Nuclei: Macro (large) cell function Micro (small) reproduction c) feed on bacteria - oral groove - Food vacuole digests the food Paramecium Video

Ciliates continued d) Waste products removed through anal pore e) Contractile vacuole used to remove extra water from the cell ** Complex Body Structure

4. Sporozoans – phylum Sporozoa a) all are parasitic b) can’t move on their own c) some feed on the blood of humans and other animals Malaria Video

The left photo (courtesy of Prof. I. K. Ross) shows the plasmodial stage of Stemonitis just before it formed sporangia. The right photo (courtesy of Turtox) shows the fully developed sporangia of Stemonitis. SLIME MOLD

Slime molds are appearing in mulch. To me, they are beautiful with their intricate structure. However, most people think they look like scrambled eggs or dog vomit. They appear in several sizes and colors with no definite shape. Those in my mulch change on a daily basis from a bright yellow netting, to a tan powder, to a dark brown dried blob.