GROWTH OF AN AMERICAN IDENTITY The Great Awakening Colonial Government The Seven Years War.

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Presentation transcript:

GROWTH OF AN AMERICAN IDENTITY The Great Awakening Colonial Government The Seven Years War

The Great Awakening: 1740 Church membership dropped, ministers Church membership dropped, ministers –Too intellectual & dry, Enlightenment reaction Jonathan Edwards: fire and brimstone Jonathan Edwards: fire and brimstone –“Participate in God,” see God’s beauty, love –Study Bible, more free will, good works George Whitefield: traveled town to town George Whitefield: traveled town to town –Huge crowds, charismatic, no predestination –Personal redemption, very emotional

Jonathan Edwards

Impact of Great Awakening Colleges: Princeton, Dartmouth, Brown Colleges: Princeton, Dartmouth, Brown National Awareness: ministers traveled National Awareness: ministers traveled –From South Carolina to New England Not from Britain: first American movement Not from Britain: first American movement Question authority and institutions, speak Question authority and institutions, speak –Up, revolutionary attitude Feeling of optimism, divine destiny Feeling of optimism, divine destiny

English Constitution Bill of Rights: Magna Charta Bill of Rights: Magna Charta Power of Parliament: Glorious Revolution Power of Parliament: Glorious Revolution –Limits power of the king Ideal, a mixed constitution: King; nobles Ideal, a mixed constitution: King; nobles –House of Lords; aristocracy, House of –Commons; the people In reality, not very democratic: not mixed, In reality, not very democratic: not mixed, –Not representative, only 20% could vote

Colonial Government Modeled on English system: the Whigs Modeled on English system: the Whigs Royal charters; Board of Trade, veto Royal charters; Board of Trade, veto Royal Governor: mid level officers, many Royal Governor: mid level officers, many –Powers: veto, lead army, dissolve assembly, –Appoint officers and judges Council: upper house, selected by Board, Council: upper house, selected by Board, –Rich citizens, lost influence Colonial Assemblies: 90% could vote, Colonial Assemblies: 90% could vote, –Represented the people, fought for liberties, –Fought governors, controlled the purse,

French Indian War Imperial Wars: England v. France Imperial Wars: England v. France Young George Washington attacks Fort Young George Washington attacks Fort –Duquesne, helps starts war with France. Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan: Ben Franklin’s Albany Plan: 1755: General Braddock’s defeat, GW lives 1755: General Braddock’s defeat, GW lives William Pitt’s new effort, victory William Pitt’s new effort, victory Peace of Paris 1763: Britain wins Canada, Peace of Paris 1763: Britain wins Canada, –All land east of Mississippi, Spain had New Orleans, and much land west of Mississippi.

French and Indian War

Death of Braddock

Siege of Quebec

Impact of French & Indian War Created a united American identity Created a united American identity Colonists gained military experience, Colonists gained military experience, –New Military leaders like GW. Increased friction between Britain & US. Increased friction between Britain & US. Britain went in to debt: new policy to Britain went in to debt: new policy to –Raise money in the colonies to pay for the war caused more friction.