Aim #48: How did America’s identity change with the growth of immigration? Do now! 1.Read articles about Trump and Jacob Riis and answer the questions 2.Have out last night’s homework

What was immigration like during the Gilded Age?

AffirmativeNegative Immigration Debate: Resolved: American Has Always Been and Must Always Remain a Nation of Immigrants

(I) Push and Pull Factors a.Push (pushing them out of their homeland and towards the U.S.) 1.Religious persecution of Jews in Russia 2.Limited economic opportunities 3.Irish potato famine: food shortages 4.Rigid social class structure 5.Limited land 6.War/conflict/revolutions b. Pull (what was awaiting them in the U.S.?) 1.Religious freedom 2.Economic opportunity 3.Land ownership 4.Idealized life “streets are paved with gold” 5.adventure

Question: What is the message of this cartoon? What do the shadows represent? Question: What do you think accounts for the differences between the “old” (those who came here first) and the “new” immigrants (those who came later in time)?

(II) How did “new immigrants” change the US’s immigration policy? a.Before the 1880s, little restrictions (quotas) on immigration b.Restrictions on immigration 1.Chinese Exclusion Act (1882) banned entry of all Chinese except students, teachers, merchants, and tourists c. Restrictions were supported by: 1.Unions: too much competition for jobs 2.Social Darwinists who believed that immigrants were genetically inferior 3. Nativists: (native born Americans) thought that most of country’s problems were due to new immigrants; gave rise to organizations like the American Protective Association

75% of all immigrants entered the USA through the immigration center at Ellis Island, in New York Immigrants had to pass a health examination and anyone with a serious health problem or disease was not let in Inspectors questioned immigrants to made sure that they were not criminals, could work, and had some money ($25)

Most American cities were not prepared for such rapid population growth Most urban immigrants lived in tenements: low rent apartments built the poorest parts of town called slums Many urban poor developed lung disease or tuberculosis; About 60% of immigrant babies died before their first birthday

About 2/3 of immigrants settled in cities, such as New York, Chicago, Boston, or Philadelphia and lived in ethnic neighborhoods called enclaves Enclaves provided new immigrants with a sense of community and security, as the immigrants were surrounded by the familiar customs, food and language of their homeland

The majority of immigrants worked in industrial jobs Most immigrants were unskilled and were willing to accept almost any kind of job, no matter how un-attractive or low paying Industries were rapidly growing and in need of cheap workers

The New Colossus Wrap up activity: Read the Emma Lazarus poem and answer the accompanying questions