Honors Chemistry Mr. Roberts

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Presentation transcript:

Honors Chemistry Mr. Roberts Highlights of Chapter 1 Honors Chemistry Mr. Roberts

What is Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. What is matter? Atom, elements and compounds, etc… States of matter. Describe the particle arrangement of solids, liquids and gasses. The Scientific Method: systematic approach to problem solving

Pure Substances vs. Mixtures Homogeneous mixtures are called solutions Building blocks of matter To separate a compound involves a chemical change

Elements Compounds Mixtures Atoms Molecules (two or more different types of atoms), formula units…chemically combined Compounds Can be composed of elements and compounds, compounds and compounds, elements and elements, etc…physically combined Mixtures

Law of Constant Composition Also know of the law of definite proportions If oxygen has a mass of 16g and hydrogen has a mass of 1 g in a 100g sample of water, H2O, oxygen would contribute 89% of the mass whereas hydrogen would contribute 11% of the mass. Regardless of the sample size (i.e. 50 g sample of water the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen would remain the same giving the compound of water a constant composition.

Mixtures (can be separate into components through physical means) Homogeneous Heterogeneous Uniformly mixed at a molecular level Only has one phase Called a Solution Ex: black coffee, salt water, tap water, etc… Not uniformly mixed Contains more than one phase (separations) Ex: Italian salad dressing, cereal and milk, oil and vinegar, etc… 1 phase 2 phases

Properties of Matter Physical Properties: Chemical Properties: Can be observed without changing a substance into another substance. Boiling point, density, mass, volume, etc. Chemical Properties: Can only be observed when a substance is changed into another substance. Flammability, corrosiveness, reactivity with acid, etc.

How can you separate a mixture? Filtration Decanting Freezing Distillation Other means are possible…magnetism for example.

Physical/Chemical Change Physical change changes the physical appearance of the starting substance(s). Chemical change changes the composition of starting substance(s).