CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Purpose: transportation- move substances to and from cells linking cells with the outside environment Substances include: O 2, CO 2, H 2 O, nutrients (glucose), vitamins, hormones, and cell wastes

Types of Circulatory System Open Circulatory System-blood not enclosed in vessels, it flows directly into body tissues where it bathes tissues Example- grasshopper- blood is kept moving by breathing and movement of animal Note: blood is clear, No hemoglobin, it does not carry O2 or CO2 only nutrients and cellular wastes

OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Types of Circulatory System Closed Circulatory System- blood always contained in tubes or vessels Example –Earthworm or Human Note- Main difference between closed and open system is blood in closed system is under pressure, blood moves faster as a result

CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Human Circulatory System 3 Main parts include Heart Blood Blood vessels

Blood Vessels Function–carry blood to and from the cells in the body 3 types of blood vessels Arteries- take blood away from the heart to body Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small arteries are called arterioles) Thick, elastic walls Blood under the most pressure Contain O2-rich blood

Blood Vessels Veins- Return blood back to the heart from the body Contain 3 layers- connective tissue, smooth muscle tissue, epithelial tissue (small veins are called venules) Thin, only slightly elastic One-way valves help blood to flow in one direction Muscles of the body help to squeeze the veins and move blood back to heart Contain O2- poor blood (CO2)

VEINS Vein disorder- Varicose veins- veins become stretched out and blood pools in legs

Spider Veins

Blood Vessels Capillaries- tiny vessels that connect arteries and veins Single cell thick- very thin so materials can easily pass through to body cells (exchange gases and nutrients for wastes) Narrow, thin vessels allow red cells to pass in a single file

HEART

Location- left center of chest between lungs Function- muscular pump to push blood through blood vessels Made of- Cardiac Muscle tissue Never gets tired Muscle fibers are intertwined Muscle fibers contract and relax together as one unit

HEART Heartbeat- lub-dub sound of closing valves (AV-valves then semi-lunar valves) Cycle of heartbeat Contraction of heart= Systole (Squeeze) Relaxation of heart = Diastole (Dilate) Pulse= heart rate found in your arteries (artery expands (heart contracts) and relaxes (heart relaxes) ASD_rev.html

HEART Heart Chambers Atria- upper chambers (right & left) Receive blood from body or lungs Thin walls Ventricles- lower chambers (right & left) Push blood away to the body or lungs Thick walls Septum – wall in middle of heart that separates the O2 rich side (left) from the O2 poor side (right)

THE HEART SONG

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: 1. Left atria (bicuspid valve) 2. Left ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 3. Aorta (main artery) 4. Body (upper and lower) 5. Vena Cava Vein ( Superior[from above heart]& inferior [from below heart)

Blood Flow from left side of heart to right side of heart: 6. Right Atria (tricuspid valve) 7. Right Ventricle (semi-lunar valve) 8. Pulmonary Arteries (to lungs) 9. Lungs (exchange CO 2 for O 2 ) 10. Pulmonary Veins (to heart) 11. Left Atria (back at the beginning)

BLOOD PRESSURE Unit- millimeters of Mercury (Hg) Normal Adult Blood Pressure (BP) = 120/80 120mmHg Systole/ 80mmHg Diastole Measurement Device- Sphygmomanometer (Blood Pressure Cuff) Disorder- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) Diagnosis- Blood Pressure number greater than 140mm Systole or 90mm Diastole Treatment- exercise, weight loss and medication

Disorders of Circulatory System Atherosclerosis- (hardening of the arteries) excess cholesterol and fat deposits on inner walls of arteries restricting blood flow and increasing blood pressure Treatment- Cholesterol medication (Lipitor) and diet restriction of fat and cholesterol

Disorders of the circulatory system Heart attack (myocardial infarction) - Blood flow in the coronary artery becomes severely restricted or completely restricted and results in heart muscle death Treatment : Angioplasty (balloon to open the artery’s blood flow) Stent- artificial brace to keep the artery open (like a Chinese finger puzzle) Bypass surgery- connect a new blood vessel around the blockage (artery from patient’s leg) Healthy Diet & exercise, lower stress, quit smoking

Disorders of the circulatory system Stroke- Blood flow to the brain is blocked (clot) resulting in loss of consciousness, numbness and possible brain damage Treatment- removal of clot, medication to stop clotting

Disorders of the circulatory system Heart Murmur- abnormal rhythm of the heartbeat caused by leaky valves in the heart Treatment- replace the leaky valves Arrhythmia - Heart beat rhythm not regular or rapid (bradycardia, tachycardia) Treatment- pacemaker placed on heart

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM Function- collects excess intracellular fluid and protein from intracellular spaces and returns it to the blood Intracellular fluid – mostly water, salts, proteins and nutrients that help move materials between capillaries and the cells Lymph Fluid is pushed through system by muscles contracting

Parts of Lymphatic system 1. Lymphatic Capillaries -absorb fluid and fluid goes into 2. Lymphatic vessels-tubes which connect to 3. Lymph ducts- which collect fluid and the fluid diffuses back into blood vessels

Parts of the lymphatic system ***Lymph nodes -many vessels come together and foreign matter [microbe] is filtered out of fluid, white blood cells are produced by some nodes***inflammation results and you get “swollen glands” Spleen- also considered part of the Lymph system