Gravity Hills 1 Gravity Hills and Strange Slopes, ( 怪坡 ) Dark Matters on Parallel Universes June 8, 2013 Sing H. Lin, Ph.D., 林星雄 · 博士 In New Jersey, USA

Gravity Hills 2 Gravity Hills and Strange Slopes, Dark Matter on Parallel Universes Outlines Gravity Hill at Moncton, eastern Canada Gravity Hills on Coastal Roads Problems in traditional Illusion Theory Dark Matters Gravity Hills and Frontier of Science Dark Matters, Dark Energy, Dark Flow

Gravity Hills 3 Waiting Area at Magnetic Hill in Eastern Canada

Dark Energy & Matter 4 Waiting Area at Magnetic Hill in Eastern Canada

Gravity Hills 5 At the bottom, shift Transmission to Neutral, Release Brake

Gravity Hills 6 The vehicle starts rolling up hill on its own

Gravity Hills 7 The vehicle continued rolling uphill

Gravity Hills 8 Blue minivan is rolling uphill backward

Gravity Hills 9 More vehicles waiting on line for their turns

Dark Energy & Matter 10 Strange Gravity Phenomenon on many Gravity Hills Vehicles in neutral transmission gear and brake released simply roll uphill on their own. People pours water on the paved road surface of the gravity hill and water just flows uphill. People put water bottle or basket ball on the paved road surface of the gravity hill and water bottle or basket ball just rolls uphill

Dark Energy & Matter 11 Popular Illusion Theory for Gravity Hills Claims That: Strange gravity hill phenomenon is due to illusion in human perception The human perceived bottom of gravity hill slope is “higher” than human perceived top of the slope Results from carpenter’s level test and from land survey measurements on gravity hills support Illusion Theory.

Dark Energy & Matter 12 But I Do Not Believe in Illusion Theory Because of Evidences in Following Charts

Gravity Hills 13 We cannot see the bottom from waiting area

Dark Energy & Matter 14 If the bottom were higher than the top as claimed by Illusion Theory, we should be able to see the “higher” bottom from the waiting area on the top But we cannot see the bottom in previous picture. This puts a serious doubt on the Illusion Theory.

Gravity Hills 15 View from the bottom cannot see the waiting area at top either

Gravity Hills 16 If the bottom were “higher” than the top as claimed by Illusion Theory, Then, we should be able to see the waiting area and the line of waiting vehicles on the top from the “higher” bottom But we cannot see the waiting area and the line of waiting vehicles on the top from the bottom. This again puts a serious doubt on the validity of Illusion Theory

Gravity Hills 17 Views from both the top and the bottom consistently indicate that: The bottom of the slope in the middle of this section of road is lower than the top of the slope, and is lower than the far end of this section of road. This puts serious doubt on validity of Illusion Theory.

Gravity Hills 18 A Coastal Gravity Hill – Electric Brae in Scotland All visitors can see horizontal line in nearby ocean

Gravity Hills 19 A Coastal Gravity Hill- Electric Brae in Scotland All visitors can see horizontal line in nearby ocean

Gravity Hills 20 Human Perception On Coastal Gravity Hills People can see reference horizontal line in nearby ocean Human perception of the top and the bottom of this coastal gravity hill should be correct because of the visibility of nearby ocean horizontal line.

Gravity Hills 21 Illusion Theory on Coastal Gravity Hills But carpenter level and land survey measurements on coastal gravity hills still indicate that human perceived bottom is higher than human perceived top, supporting Illusion Theory Illusion Theory, carpenter level tests and results of land survey measurements are wrong because of influence of abnormal gravity on liquid bubble and plumb line used in such measurements on gravity hills as explained in the following 3 charts.

Gravity Hills 22 Top and Bottom of an Uphill Slope Bottom of Hill Top of Hill Uphill Slope Reference Horizontal Plane

Gravity Hills 23 On Gravity Hill, Plumb Line and Liquid Bubble Yield (Wrong) Tilted Horizontal Plan Because of Influence of Abnormal Gravity Bottom of Gravity Hill Top of Gravity Hill Uphill Slope of Gravity Hill Reference Horizontal Plane Tilted Horizontal Plane due to Abnormal Gravity

Gravity Hills 24 Land Survey Measurements Yield Wrong Results Because Horizontal Plan Is Tilted by Abnormal Gravity Bottom of Gravity Hill Top of Gravity Hill is below tilted horizon Uphill Slope becomes downhill Slope relative to tilted horizon Reference Horizontal Plane Tilted Horizontal Plane due to Abnormal Gravity

Gravity Hills 25 Carpenter’s Level and Land Survey Measurements Yield Wrong Results on Gravity Hills The horizontal plane as indicated by plumb line and liquid bubble is tilted due to abnormal gravity The top of gravity hill becomes below the tilted horizontal plane (dashed red line) The top becomes lower than the bottom according to such measurements. The uphill slope becomes downhill slope according to the tilted horizontal plane (dashed red line) Illusion Theory is supported by such wrong measurement results

Gravity Hills 26 There are more than one known Coastal Gravity Hill Electric Brae on coastal road A719 in Ayrshire in Scotland Magnetic Hill on coastal road A27 on Isle of Man in Great Britain Anti-Gravity Point on a coastal road near Salalah in Oman A gravity hill on coastal road N247 west of Lisbon, Portugal All visitors on such coastal gravity hills can see horizontal line in nearby ocean

Gravity Hills 27 Hundreds of Known Gravity Hills All Over The World Reported on many YouTube video sites Many long lists of gravity hills reported on Internet As more roads are paved in developing countries, more gravity hills are being discovered. More potential gravity hills are still unknown because there is no paved road in wilderness, deserts, farm fields, golf courses, etc.

Gravity Hills 28 Characteristics of Gravity Hills from many Known Gravity Hills Abnormal horizontal gravity on such gravity hills is strong enough to pull vehicles, water bottles, basketballs, and water to roll uphill. Typical length of gravity hills on paved roads is only a few hundred feet Typical slope of gravity hills is only a few degrees or less The strange gravity hill phenomenon may show up for a few hundreds feet, then disappears, then shows up again short distance (0.3 to 2 miles) away on the same road

Gravity Hills 29 What Causes the Strange Phenomenon on These Gravity Hills? If the strange phenomenon on these gravity hills is not due to illusion in human perception, then a key question is: What is causing such strange gravity phenomenon? What is the source for such abnormal gravity that has significant horizontal component that is strong enough to pull vehicles, water bottles, water, basket balls etc. to roll up the slope of these gravity hills?

Gravity Hills 30 Our Familiar Regular Matters Cannot Produce Such Gravity Hill Effect - 1 Typical slope of gravity hills is a few degrees The abnormal horizontal gravity must be a few percent of the weight of vehicles, water bottles, etc. to be able to pull them to roll uphill If such abnormal horizontal gravity was from familiar regular matters, the required size of such matter would be a few percent of the size of earth This means it requires a huge mountain of familiar regular matter with size of hundreds of kilometers or more to have enough horizontal gravity to pull those items to roll uphill

Gravity Hills 31 Our Familiar Regular Matters Cannot Produce Such Gravity Hill Effect - 2 But the gravity of a huge mountain of regular matter cannot be confined in only a few hundred feet which is the typical length of gravity hills Furthermore, at many gravity hill sites, there is no huge mountain nearby We conclude that our familiar regular matter cannot produce the strange gravity phenomenon on those gravity hills This means that the strange gravity phenomenon probably comes from an unknown matter that is very different from our familiar regular matter The distance variation of abnormal horizontal gravity on gravity hills violates the well known Newton’s Inverse Square Law

Gravity Hills 32 Key Factors Indicating Dark Matters as The Source for Strange Gravity Hill Phenomenon Our familiar regular matters cannot produce the strange gravity hill phenomenon as explained in previous charts At many gravity hill sites, we do not see a huge mountain nearby and cannot see or touch any obvious possible source for such strong horizontal gravity Therefore, the source of such abnormal horizontal gravity is NOT our familiar regular matter Therefore, the source of such abnormal horizontal gravity is unfamiliar and unknown matter(s)

Gravity Hills 33 Key Factors Indicating Dark Matters are on Parallel Universes - 1 Violation of Newton’s Inverse Square Law for Gravity in 3-Dimensional Space: –The strange horizontal gravity is strong enough to pull vehicles to roll uphill on gravity hill –Yet such strong horizontal gravity weaken very fast and disappears beyond only a few hundred feet distance on many typical gravity hills –Then the strong horizontal gravity appears again only a short distance away (e.g., 0.3 mile or 2 mile) on the same road.

Gravity Hills 34 Key Factors Indicating Dark Matters are on Parallel Universes - 2 It indicates that the horizontal gravity on gravity hill area behaves in a higher dimensional space with many more than 3 dimensions It indicates that dark matters are not in our familiar 3- dimensional space in our familiar universe It indicates that dark matters are on other parallel universes, not in our familiar 3-dimensional universe.

Gravity Hills 35 Dark Matter Deduced From Several Astronomy Observations

Dark Energy & Matter 36 A Rotating Spiral Galaxy

Gravity Hills 37 Galactic Rotation Problem Rotation curve of a typical spiral galaxy: predicted (A) vs. observed (B) by Vera Rubin in Distance from Center of Galaxy Orbiting Velocity Of Stars In the Galaxy

Dark Energy & Matter 38 Coma Cluster of Thousands of Galaxies

Gravity Hills 39 First Observational Evidence of Dark Matter Fritz Zwicky in Caltech first discovered evidence of dark matter (missing mass) in 1933 Based on his observation of dynamics of galaxies in Coma cluster of thousands of galaxies Found that the luminous matter of the Coma galaxy cluster is far from enough to support the high velocities of the galaxies in the cluster Conclusion: a lot of dark mater must be present with a much greater density than luminous matter But Zwicky’s discovery in 1933 did not receive much attention until Vera Rubin’s work in 1970

Dark Energy & Matter 40 Consistent Results from Several Astronomy Observations The high velocities of cluster of galaxies observed by Fritz Zwicky in 1933, the galactic rotation problem observed by Vera Rubin in 1970 and the subsequent observations of gravitation lensing all imply existence of dark matter consistently. They imply that dark matter is five times more abundant than our familiar regular matter However, the astronomy observations so far still cannot tell if dark matter is in our universe or in parallel universe

Gravity Hills 41 Evolution of Science In ancient time, it was believed that earth was the center of universe because the sun, the moon and all stars look rotating around our earth. But now we know that earth is not the center of universe Historically, it was believed that our universe is the only universe in the entire cosmo But recent advances in science indicates that our universe may not be the only one and there may be many other parallel universes.

Gravity Hills 42 Where are dark matters? The preliminary result from my 7-year investigation of gravity hills indicates that dark matters are in parallel universe, not in our universe If such result is proven correct, it will be an important breakthrough and contribution to the frontier of modern science. If we accept such finding, what are the consequences?

Gravity Hills 43 Recent Scientific Studies by using Simulation on Super-Computers indicate: Cold dark matter provides the critical gravitational scaffolding (i.e., framework, backbone, skeleton) for the formation of galaxy clusters, galaxies and stars. Without the scaffolding of cold dark matter, our familiar galaxy clusters, galaxies and stars could not form and could not exist.

Gravity Hills 44 Gravity can leak from One Universe into Other Parallel Universes - 1 According to String Theory, M-Theory and Theory of Parallel Universes: –Gravity can leak from one universe into other parallel universes because gravity is represented by closed-loop string which is NOT stuck to a brane (i.e., universe) –On the other hand, all matters and other forces (electromagnetic force, strong force, weak force, and light) are all confined within their own universe because they are represented by open strings which are stuck in their own brane (i.e., universe)

Gravity Hills 45 Gravity can leak from One Universe into Other Parallel Universes - 2 In our universe, we can feel and observe the effects of gravity from other parallel universes But we cannot see and cannot touch those matters (dark matters) that reside on other parallel universes We cannot feel and cannot observe the effects of other forces and of matters in other universes, except of gravity.

Gravity Hills 46 Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity If dark matters exist on other parallel universes and play key roles in formation of galaxy clusters, galaxies and stars in our universe, This means parallel universes are not totally independent of each other Parallel universes are strongly coupled through the Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity

Gravity Hills 47 The Four Big Mysteries at the Frontier of Modern Science - 1 Gravity Hills Dark Matter Dark Energy Dark Flow

Gravity Hills 48 The Four Big Mysteries at the Frontier of Modern Science - 2 The Word “Dark” in these big mysteries means that Science still does not understand them, still has no scientific explanation(s) for them. These four big mysteries appear as four unrelated mysteries It has been very difficult to try to contrive four unrelated mechanisms to explain them It is a very exciting time in science!

Gravity Hills 49 If We Accept: Concept of parallel universes Dark Matters are on other parallel universes Parallel universes are strongly coupled through Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity Then these four big mysteries become closely related and can easily be explained by the plain old gravity, that is the Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity as described in the companion set of PowerPoint Presentation (PPP) entitled “Dark Energy and Dark Flow as explained by Inter-Universe Coupling Gravity”. This PPP is available on my web page at:

Gravity Hills 50 The Four Big Mysteries at the Frontier of Modern Science - 3 For 80 years since Fritz Zwicky in 1933, our scientific observations and explorations have gone beyond our universe into the effects of gravity originating from dark matters on other parallel universes

Gravity Hills 51 The Four Big Mysteries at the Frontier of Modern Science - 4 Gravity from other parallel universes have been knocking on four different doors and windows of our familiar universe They appear as very strange and unrelated big mysteries until we, now, recognize the roles of parallel universes in these mysteries Even though many of us are still uncomfortable with the concept of parallel universes, we probably will see more of such big mysteries originating from parallel universes in the future

Gravity Hills 52 The Four Big Mysteries at the Frontier of Modern Science - 5 The Dark Side of the universe is the Multiverse or parallel universes They are Dark because we cannot see them and cannot touch them But we can see and sense the effects of their gravity

Gravity Hills 53 More detailed information for these two sets of PowerPoint Presentations are on my web page at: