MEREDITH MARTIN ANGELINE NERCESSIAN The Age of Reason Advances and Changes

The Age of Reason Inspired by The Enlightenment…  a philosophical movement inspired by the works of such late-17 th -century figures as John Locke, Sir Isaac Newton, and John Wesley. Order, balance, logic, and reason were the paramount ideals of the day. The methods of scientific inquiry were applied to everything from farming to politics.

John Locke Political philosopher that provided a logical justification for the Glorious Revolution.

Sir Isaac Newton The scientist who had provided rational explanations of gravity and motion.

John Wesley Lead an evangelical revival that gave rise not only to the new Methodist groups but also to a revivalist movement within the Church of England.

Citizens and Aristocrats Lived well during the 18 th century Wealthy aristocrats built lavish country estates Parliament members relocated to London townhouses when Parliament was in session London had spacious new streets and squares Writers, artists, politicians, and other educated members of society gathered daily Educated women sometime held salons, or private gatherings

Lady Mary Wortley Montagu Wife of British ambassador Brought the idea of inoculation to prevent smallpox from Turkey

Edward Jenner Developed an effective smallpox vaccination

Agriculture and Breeding Dramatic advances in agriculture helped improve Britain’s food supply  Wealthy landowners developed more productive methods of cultivating and harvesting crops Breeding experiments resulted in larger animals Drove peasants off the land because the open land was being used for the larger animals  Destroyed the traditional way of life of the English Village while improving farming

Industrial Revolution Factories began to dot the landscape of England  Villagers who were forced off land sought jobs in these factories Britain was a pioneer in the use of machines and steam power to manufacture goods  Reasons: wealth of inventions, ample coal and iron, ready colonial markets Change the fabric of British life by transforming sleepy towns into manufacturing centers

Manufacturing centers Towns near coal, iron, and water power became manufacturing centers of Britain The workers of these centers worked long hours for low pay  Many of these workers were women and children

Britain of the 18 th Century Created a solid commercial and industrial base Growing mass of restless, impoverished workers Stability present at beginning of the 18 th century began to give way as the century progressed