Medicinal plant and Medicinal plant materials that contain quinolisidine and isoquinoline alkaloids

MP containing quinolisidine alkaloids

Herba Thermopsidis Semina Thermopsidis Thermopsis lanceolata- False lupine, bush pea Fabaceae Constituents. Herb contains up to 2.5% of alkaloids, chiefly thermopsine, its isomer anagirine; homothermopsine, cytysine, methylcytysine, pachicarpine, etc. Seeds must contain not less than 2.5% of cytysine. Uses. This drug has expectorant properties and dry extract, tablets against cough, dry mixture against cough and infusion are produced from this plant. In low dosses medicines from thermopsis lanceolata excite respiratory center, in high dosses can cause vomiting and paralyze the centres of brain and medulla oblongata.

Herba Thermopsidis alterniflorae Thermopsis alterniflora- Fabaceae Constituents. The main constituent is cytysine. Uses. Cytyton excites respiratory centre and used to treat shock conditions, intoxication and asphyxia. Tablets tabex are used to help quit smoking.

Herba Sophorae pachycarpae Sophora pachycarpa- Fabaceae Constituents. Herb and seeds contain quinolisidine alkaloids (2-3%), the main is pakhycarpine (not less than 0.5%). Uses. Pakhycarpine hydroiodine is used to stimulate delivery.

Cormi Securinegae Securinega suffruticosa Euphorbiaceae Constituents. The main alkaloid is securenin (up to 0.3% in leaves). Except securenin 7 other alkaloids are found in this plant: suphruticodine, alosecurinin, securinol A, B, C, dihydrosuphruticonin. Uses. Secureninum nitrate is used as tonic medicine to treat palsy, neurasthenia, sexual disorders.

MP and MPM containing isoquinoline alkaloids

Capitata papaveris, Opium Papaver somniferum- Opium poppy Papaveraceae Constituents. Poppy capsules contain, when ripe, 0.18-0.28% of morphine. Poppy seeds contain only very small quantities of narcotine, papaverine and thebaine in addition to morphine and codeine. Uses. Omnopon and morphine are strong painkillers, which are used to reduce pain. Codeine, codterpine, tablets against cough are used for cough soothing. Papaverine has spasmolitic action on blood vessels and thus can be used to treat hypertension, angina and migraine. Papaverine is part of paphyllin (papaverine + plathyphylline), papasol (papaverine + dibazole), khelliverine (papaverine + khellin), khellatrine (papaverine + khelline + atropine), bepasal, niquoverine, palufin, theoverine, etc.

Herba Glaucii flavi Glaucium flavum- Yellow horn poppy Papaveraceae Constituents. Plant contains up to 4% of alkaloids, the most valuable is glaucin and it content is almost near 50% of all alkaloids, sometimes it reaches 2% of the mass of all aerial part of the plant. Other alkaloids are extracted from Glaucium flavum: coridine, isocoridine, isoboldine etc. Uses. Glaucin has cough soothing action, which is stronger and longer of that of codeine and does not have narcotic effect. Medicines glaucinum hydrochloridum, glauvent and broncholytin reduce cough and are used in treatment of bronchitis, pneumonias and different diseases of bronchial tubes and lungs.

Herba Macleayae Macleaya cordata- Plume poppy Papaveraceae Constituents. The plant contains isoquinoline alkaloids (0.7-1.5%): alocryptopine, sanguinarine, khelleritrine, protopine, berberine. Uses. Sanguiritrine has antimicrobial action against gram-positive bacteria, has antitrichomonadal activity. Also is used to treat cerebral palsy in children, miopathia and paresis.

Herba Chelidonii Chelidonium majus- Greater celandine Papaveraceae Constituents. Greater celandine contains up to 4% of alkaloids including α- and β-allocryptopine, berberine, chelerythrine, chelidonine, chelirubine, choline, coptisine, hydroxychelidonine, and others. Uses. The drug has many traditional uses based on its reputed anodyne, antispasmodic, caustic, diaphoretic, diuretic, hydragogue, narcotic and purgative properties. It also has fungistatic and bacteriostatic actin on TB agents. Juice from fresh herb or roots can be used to treat throat warts.

Folia Berberidis Radices Berberidis Berberis vulgaris- Barberry Berberidaceae Constituents. The main alkaloid is berberin (up to 1.5% in roots). Plant also contains palmatin, columbamine, yatroricine, oxicantine and khelidonic acid, polysaccharides, carotinoids, antocyanes, ascorbic acid etc. Uses. Berberinum bisulphate (from roots) has holagogue action and used to treat chronic hepatitis and cholelithiasis. Tincture from leaves has tonic action on womb muscles after delivery.

Tubera cum radicibus Stephaniae glabrae Stephania glabra Menispermaceae Constituents. The main alkaloids are gindarine (up to 30% of all alkaloids) and stepharine. Uses. Gindarinum hydrochloride is tranquiliser and is used to treat CNS diseases, has sedative, light hypnotic effect and hypotensive action.

Folia Ungerniae victoris Ungernia victoris Amaryllidaceae Constituents. Leaves contain alkaloids of galantamine and likorine type. The main are galantamine, galantine, likorine (0.05-0.1%). Uses. Galantaminum hydrobromide is used to treat miasthenia, radiculitis, cerebral palsy. Likorinum hydrochloride has broncholitic action and is used as expectorant.