Regents Biology Photosynthesis: The Awesomeness of Plants Mr. Nichols PHHS

Regents Biology  Age: 71, Gender: Male  Time of Death: 10/2, at approximately 930pm.  Cause of Death: Inhalation of toxic concentrations of Chlorine Gas causing suffocation and cardiac arrest. Death was sudden and swift.  Other noticeable medical issues: Cecil had high levels of melatonin in his blood at the time of death, only could have been administered via a syringe. Cecil’s Autopsy

Regents Biology  Traces of ammonia and bleach found inside of Cecil’s bath tub. These can be used together to make chlorine gas.  Cecil’s dog was found at Peter Scott’s boat house hiding and whimpering.  A single voice message was left on Cecil’s home phone the day he died (10/2) from Jon Rolle saying that they “needed to talk about what’s going on as soon as possible!” His tone was aggressive and urgent. Details from Cecil’s House

Regents Biology Kathleen’s Necklace (Jewelry Expert)

Regents Biology  This is a very rare local artifact known as the “Necklace of the Falls.”  The expert stated that this is one of a three piece combination that when put together unlock a small locket compartment inside the central stone.  The other two pieces are a ring and bracelet, these have never been photographed or seen other than by those who keep them safe.  What’s inside the locket is shrouded in mystery. According to the Jewel Expert

AP Biology  Chloroplasts  double membrane  stroma  fluid-filled interior  thylakoid sacs  grana stacks  Thylakoid membrane contains  chlorophyll molecules  electron transport chain  ATP synthase Plant structure outer membrane inner membrane thylakoid granum stroma

AP Biology Pigments of photosynthesis  Chlorophylls & other pigments  embedded in thylakoid membrane  arranged in a “photosystem”  Collection of pigment molecules embedded in a protein

AP Biology Photosynthesis  Light reactions  light-dependent reactions  energy conversion reactions  convert solar energy to chemical energy  ATP & NADPH  Calvin cycle  light-independent reactions  sugar building reactions  uses chemical energy (ATP & NADPH) to reduce CO 2 & synthesize C 6 H 12 O 6

AP Biology Light Reactions of Photosynthesis Photosystem IIPhotosystem I

AP Biology ETC of Photosynthesis  ETC uses light energy to produce  ATP & NADPH  go to Calvin cycle  PS II absorbs light  excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor”  need to replace electron in chlorophyll  enzyme extracts electrons from H 2 O & supplies them to chlorophyll  splits H 2 O  O combines with another O to form O 2  O 2 released to atmosphere  and we breathe easier!

AP Biology ETC of Photosynthesis  ETC uses light energy to produce  ATP & NADPH  go to Calvin cycle  PS II absorbs light  excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor”  Electron passes down ETC  Each time electron is passed, releases a little E  E is used to pump H + from stroma into thylakoid  H + diffuse down conc. gradient back into stroma  Pass through ATP Synthase, allowing it to make ATP

AP Biology ETC of Photosynthesis  ETC uses light energy to produce  ATP & NADPH  go to Calvin cycle  PS I absorbs light  excited electron passes from chlorophyll to “primary electron acceptor”  need to replace electron in chlorophyll  Electron comes from ETC of PSII  Excited electron passes to electron carrier molecule  NADPH  Sent to Calvin Cycle in the stroma

AP Biology split H 2 O Light Reactions of Photosynthesis O ATP to Calvin Cycle H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ H+H+ e e e e sun

AP Biology From Light reactions to Calvin cycle  Calvin cycle  chloroplast stroma  Need products of light reactions to drive synthesis reactions  ATP  NADPH stroma thylakoid

AP Biology starch, sucrose, cellulose & more 1C CO 2 Calvin cycle 5C RuBP 3C RuBisCo 1. Carbon fixation 2. G3P Production 3. Regeneration of RuBP ribulose bisphosphate ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase 6 NADP 6 NADPH 6 ADP 6 ATP 3 ADP 3 ATP used to make glucose 3C G3P glyceraldehyde-3-P CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 6C CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC PGA phosphoglycerate CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC C C C 5C

AP Biology RuBisCo  Enzyme which fixes carbon from air  ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase  the most important enzyme in the world!  it makes life out of air!  definitely the most abundant enzyme

AP Biology Photosynthesis summary  Light reactions  produced ATP  produced NADPH  consumed H 2 O  produced O 2 as byproduct  Calvin cycle  consumed CO 2  produced G3P (sugar)  regenerated ADP  regenerated NADP

AP Biology Light Reactions O2O2 H2OH2O Energy Building Reactions ATP  produces ATP  produces NADPH  releases O 2 as a waste product sunlight H2OH2O ATP O2O2 light energy  +++ NADPH

AP Biology Calvin Cycle sugars CO 2 Sugar Building Reactions ADP  builds sugars  uses ATP & NADPH  recycles ADP & NADP  back to make more ATP & NADPH ATP NADPH NADP CO 2 C 6 H 12 O 6  +++ NADPATP + NADPHADP

AP Biology H2OH2O Energy cycle Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration sun glucose O2O2 CO 2 plants animals, plants ATP CO 2 H2OH2O C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 light energy  +++CO 2 H2OH2O C 6 H 12 O 6 O2O2 ATP energy  +++

AP Biology Cartoons of the Day!

AP Biology Cartoons of the Day!

AP Biology Cartoons of the Day!

AP Biology Cartoons of the Day!

AP Biology  Cecil’s autopsy will be release to us tomorrow. The preliminary report is ruling his death as an ‘chemical accident.’ More details to come tomorrow.  A photograph was taken from the first killer’s video of what Kathleen’s necklace looks like. That will be shared with you tomorrow.  Evidence from our break-in!!!! Murder Mystery Tables Have Turned!!!!

AP Biology Cellular Respiration Wrap Up  Actual AP Writing Prompt:  Explain the creation and usage of ATP and NADPH throughout cellular respiration. Be as specific as possible.  Due Friday

AP Biology Plants are energy producers  Like animals, plants need energy to live  unlike animals, plants don’t need to eat food to make that energy  Plants make both FOOD & ENERGY  animals are consumers  plants are producers

AP Biology How do plants make energy & food?  Plants use the energy from the sun  to make ATP energy  to make sugars  glucose, sucrose, cellulose, starch, & more sun ATP sugars

AP Biology H2OH2O Building plants from sunlight & air  Photosynthesis  2 separate processes  ENERGY building reactions  collect sun energy  use it to make ATP  SUGAR building reactions  take the ATP energy  collect CO 2 from air & H 2 O from ground  use all to build sugars ATP sun sugars + CO 2

AP Biology Using light & air to grow plants  Photosynthesis  using sun’s energy to make ATP  using CO 2 & water to make sugar  in chloroplasts  allows plants to grow  makes a waste product  oxygen (O 2 )

AP Biology What do plants need to grow?  The “factory” for making energy & sugars  chloroplast  Fuels  sunlight  carbon dioxide  water  The Helpers  enzymes H2OH2O sugars ATP enzymes CO 2 sun

AP Biology H2OH2O Photosynthesis ENERGY building reactions SUGAR building reactions ATP ADP CO 2 sugar sun used immediately to synthesize sugars