Wake-up 1.Draw two water molecules. Label the positive and negative ends. Connect the two molecules together with a hydrogen bond. 2.Explain what property of water is shown in the picture to the right.
Wake-up 1.All living things are made up of 6 elements. List as many as you can. 1.What does the prefix mono- mean? 1.What does the prefix di- mean? 1.What does the prefix poly- mean?
Biochemistry: Structure Christopherson
What is Biochemistry? Chemistry of living organisms
Basic Elements of Life Remember: CHNOPS C = Carbon H = Hydrogen N = Nitrogen O = OxygenP = Phosphorus S = Sulfur
How to “read” molecular structures Bond Double Bond
How to “read” molecular structure Bond Carbon
What does this have to do with Biology???
Four Macromolecules: 1. Carbohydrates
Four Macromolecules: 2. Lipids
Four Macromolecules: 3. Proteins
Four Macromolecules: 4. Nucleic Acids
Monomer Single molecule One subunit Example: Single bead for a necklace
Polymer Many molecules More than one subunit Example: Beads making up a necklace
Carbohydrate Also known as: Sugars and starches Elements present: How many of each element are present? C, H, O C=6, H=12, O=6 Ratio – 1:2:1
Monomer of a Carbohydrate Simple Sugar or Monosaccharide
Polymer of a Carbohydrate Complex sugar
Type of Carb: Monosaccharide Explanation: One sugar / Simple Sugar Example: Glucose or Fructose
Type of Carb: Disaccharide Explanation: Two sugars Example: Sucrose
Type of Carb: Polysaccharide Explanation: Many Sugars
Example of a Polysaccharides Cellulose: Found in plants
Example of a Polysaccharide Starch: Found in plants
Examples of a Polysaccharide Chitin: Found in fungus and arthropods
Example of a Polysaccharide Glycogen: Found stored in animal livers and muslces
Lipids Also known as: Fats, Oils, and Waxes Elements present: Monomer: Polymer: C, H, O high ratios Glycerol and fatty acid tails Triglyceride
Saturated Fats Fatty acid tail that has all single bonds; “saturated” with carbon
Unsaturated Fats Fatty acid tail that has double bonds; “bends” or “kinks” in the structure
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What is the difference between a carbohydrate and a lipid?
Protein Elements present: C, H, O, N, and sometimes S R is the point of attachment for structures that make each amino acid unique
Protein Monomers Amino Acid
Protein Polymer Protein: Amino acids are held together by peptide bonds
Protein Structure
Proteins fold and fold and fold….
Nucleic Acids Elements present: Monomer: C,H,O,N,P Nucleotide
Nucleic Acids Polymer: Nucleic acid Nucleotide
Identifying Macromolecules: Practice C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O,P NUCLEIC ACID!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,OCARBOHYDRATE!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,O CARBOHYDRATE!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,N,O PROTEIN!!!!
Identifying Macromolecules C,H,OLIPID!!!!
Biochemistry Review Video