First in North America St. Augustine Santa Fe Quebec Jamestown Spanish French English

French Northwest Passage Cartier- St. Lawrence River FUR!!!! Quebec and New France La Salle, Louisiana and New Orleans

The Start Henry VII- John Cabot (1497) Protestant Reformation –Henry VIII –Anglicans

Climate for Exploration Poor Enclosure movement English Merchants surplus of wool new markets Joint-Stock companies

Queen Elizabeth Protestants vs. Catholic Privateers Spanish Armada Walter Raleigh- Roanoke Island (1585)

Jamestown Virginia Company (joint-stock company) King James Indentured Servants and head right system Greed vs. Survival John Smith First and Second Powhatan Wars/Royal Colony Tobacco

England’s Involvement Because of the cost, only joint-stock companies would take the risks of establishing a colony Jamestown has many problems (disease, refusal of work…”gentlemen” colonists, expectations that Indians would grow their food) Powhatan Indians are relied on for food…relations improve once John Smith is “saved” by Pocahontas John Smith takes over leadership; restores order through military discipline (“no work, no food”) After Smith leaves, problems resume (1 st Anglo-Powhatan War) Tobacco saves the colony (John Rolfe)

Early Colonial Tobacco — Virginia produces 20,000 pounds of tobacco — Despite losing nearly one-third of its colonists in an Indian attack, Virginia produces 60,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 500,000 pounds of tobacco — Virginia produces 1,500,000 pounds of tobacco. Indentured Servants become a norm in the colony.

England’s Involvement English want to find the Northwest Passage AND discover gold. John Cabot explores North America (1497) Roanoke is the first colony established in 1585; area named Virginia after Queen Elizabeth English want to establish bases which could send ships out to plunder Spanish ships (ex: “sea dogs”) (Anglican vs. Catholic) Relations with Indians (Croatoans) are poor Roanoke is eventually abandoned (Lost Colony) Jamestown is the next attempt by the British to establish a permanent colony (1607) Virginia Company

Jamestown Fort & Settlement Map

Jamestown Fort & Settlement (Computer Generated)

Jamestown Housing

Jamestown Settlement

Jamestown Chapel, 1611

England’s Involvement Pochaontas/John Smith

Virginia House of Burgesses

Growing Political Power The House of Burgesses established in 1619 & began to assume the role of the House of Commons in England  Control over finances, militia, etc. By the end of the 17 c, H of B was able to initiate legislation. A Council appointed by royal governor  Mainly leading planters.  Functions like House of Lords.  High death rates ensured rapid turnover of members.

Virginia Becomes a Royal Colony James I grew hostile to Virginia  He hated tobacco.  He distrusted the House of Burgesses 1624  he revoked the charter of the bankrupt VA Company.  Thus, VA became a royal colony, under the king’s direct control!

Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?Why was 1619 a pivotal year for the Chesapeake settlement?

Explorers Sailing For The Netherlands Henry HudsonHenry Hudson - English sailing for the Dutch - Searching for Northwest Passage - Claimed Hudson River - Settlers established New Netherlands (New York)

Prompt #2: Chapter 2 Compare and contrast the actions of Spain, France, and England in North America.

Spanish Differences Spain intermarried with Native Americans England treated natives like the “wild Irish”

Southern Colonies Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Maryland Lord Baltimore Catholic refuge Act of Toleration

Colonization of Maryland

s.colonies Southern Colonies 1.Indentured servants 2.slavery to work the large plantations 3.rice, tobacco and cotton 4.fertile soil 5.cities: Charleston, Savannah & Baltimore Maryland Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia

Population of Chesapeake Colonies:

The Carolinas As a reward for helping him gain the throne, Charles II granted a huge tract of land between VA and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663 The original proprietorship was broken into 2 royal colonies in 1729

Settling South Carolina Charles town was formed in 1670 by a few colonists from England and some planters from the island of Barbados Initially, the economy was based on trading furs and providing food for the West Indies By the middle of the 18th century, large rice-growing plantations worked by African slaves created an economy and culture that resembled the West Indies

Although Carolina was geographically closer to the Chesapeake colonies, it was culturally closer to the West Indies in the seventeenth century since its early settlers— both blacks and whites— came from Barbados. South Carolina retained close ties to the West Indies for more than a century, long after many of its subsequent settlers came from England, Ireland, France, and elsewhere.

Democratic North Carolina Farmers from VA and New England established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms Region had few good harbors and poor transportation so there were fewer large plantations and less reliance on slavery By the 18 th century, the colony earned a reputation for democratic views and autonomy from British control

Georgia – The Last Colony A proprietary colony and the only colony to receive direct financial support from the home government in London Set up for 2 reasons –Defensive buffer –Rid England’s overcrowded jails of debtors Special Regulations –Absolute ban on drinking rum –Prohibition of slavery Colony did not thrive because of the constant threat of Spanish attack Taken over by the British government in 1752 when Oglethorpe and his group gave up –Bans on slavery and rum dropped –Colony grew slowly by adopting the plantation system of South Carolina