The American Civil War By: Mr. MacDonald April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

Union = The North CSA = Confederate States of America

Causes of the Civil War Slavery: All men are created equal Slavery: All men are created equal Nationalism and honour Nationalism and honour State’s rights – Property movement State’s rights – Property movement Free Soil – North demand that west not be bought by rich slave owners Free Soil – North demand that west not be bought by rich slave owners Slave Power: North feared the money from the rich slave owners would influence the presidency Slave Power: North feared the money from the rich slave owners would influence the presidency Tariff of 1828 – tax on imports. South called it the “Tax of Abominations” Tariff of 1828 – tax on imports. South called it the “Tax of Abominations” Election of Lincoln: feared he would stop expansion of slavery Election of Lincoln: feared he would stop expansion of slavery

Comparison of Union and CSA [145] [145] UnionCSA Total population 22,100,000 (71%) 9,100,000 (29%) Free population 21,700,0005,600,000 Slave population, ,0003,500,000 Soldiers 2,100,000 (67%) 1,064,000 (33%) Railroad miles 21,788 (71%) 8,838 (29%) Manufactured items 90%10% Firearm production 97%3% Bales of cotton in 1860 Negligible4,500,000 Bales of cotton in 1864 Negligible300,000 Pre-war U.S. exports 30%70%

Casualties and Losses North 110,000 killed in action 360,000 total dead 275,200 wounded CSA 93,000 killed in action 260,000 total dead 137,000+ wounded

Some Civil War Facts

First shot fired at Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina

620,000 killed- as much as US losses in world war one and two Combined.

South Carolina and 10 other states left the United States of America to form the Confederate States of America with Jefferson Davis as their president.

Keeping the United States together- not allowing the southern states to secede/ separate was the central issue… although slavery was also important.

The chance of surviving a wound in Civil War days was 7 to 1; in the Korean War, 50 to 1.

About 15 percent of the wounded died in the Civil War; about 8 percent in World War I; about 4 percent in World War II; about 2 percent in the Korean War.

There were 6,000,000 cases of disease in the Federal armies, which meant that, on an average, every man was sick at least twice. Sickness accounted for a full one-third of all casualties in the Civil War.

The diseases most prevalent were dysentery, typhoid fever, malaria, pneumonia, arthritis, and the acute diseases of childhood, such as measles, mumps, and malnutrition.

The principal weapon of the war and the one by which 80 percent of all wounds were produced was a single-shot, muzzle- loading rifle in the hands of foot soldiers.

The muzzle-loading rifle could be loaded at the rate of about three times a minute. Its maximum range was about 1000 yards.

Most infantry rifles were equipped with bayonets, but very few men wounded by bayonet showed up at hospitals. The explanation probably lay in the fact that opposing soldiers did not often actually come to grips and, when they did, were prone to use their rifles as clubs.

Artillery was used extensively, but only about 10 percent of the wounded were the victims of artillery fire.

Besides the rifle and cannon, weapons consisted of revolvers, swords, hand grenades, and land mines.

Many doctors who saw service in the Civil War had never been to medical school, but had served an apprenticeship in the office of an established practitioner.

President Lincoln did not believe that whites and blacks could live together in peace. He had planned to relocate the entire black population of the United States to Central America.

There were more than 10,000 soldiers serving in the Union Army that were under the age of 18.

General Robert E. Lee, commander of the Confederate forces, traveled with a pet hen that laid one egg under his cot every morning.

Approximately 130,000 freed slaves became Union soldiers during the war.

Black soldiers were paid $10 per month while serving in the Union army. This was $3 less than white soldiers.