AP EURO Unit #1 – Renaissance and Reformation Lesson #7ab Politics in Religion

Essential questions 1.What areas of Europe became non-Catholic? 2.What is Calvinism?

The Rise of the Hapsburg Dynasty 1.Maximillian I (HRE) died in Charles I of Spain was grandson of Max 3.Charles I convinced electors to support him 4.19 years old 5.Charles V, HRE 6.Pope had wanted Francis I, French King 7.Electors diverted attention from Luther

Religious Wars in Switzerland and Germany 1.Switzerland was a part of the HRE 2.Ruled as 13 independent CANTONS 3.Some Cantons went Protestant 4.Civil War broke out in 1520s 5.Too many killed 6.Created a lasting peace: 1.Each Canton would choose it’s own religion 2.Switzerland had to take no foreign allies 7.SWISS NEUTRALITY IS BORN

Germany Much of HRE in chaos Peasants Rebellion Leaders and electors turned Protestant Charles V tried to stop the disorder Called another Imperial Diet at Augsburg – 1530 DIET OF AUGSBURG – Charles attempted to force leaders to turn on Luther – Leaders refused – Charles ended meeting demanding return to the Church – Response: Protestants formed an official alliance

Peace of Augsburg Charles unable to stop spread Schmalkaldic League – fought Charles’ armies Charles distracted fighting Turks and French War continued 1520s – 1555 Charles finally stopped the fight – Issued PEACE OF AUGSBURG (1555) – All leadership would choose the religion of section Charles resigned – monastery – Empire to brother (Ferdinand) – Spain, Netherlands, Italy, & Amer to son (Philip II)

Scandinavia Northern regions became more Lutheran Denmark – Lutheran Norway and Iceland – Lutheran Sweden – leadership slowly forced population to become Lutheran

Calvinism John Calvin (French) PREDESTINATION – no free will Spoke of absolute sovereignty of God – People: insignificant grains of sand; weakness of man – God chooses some: called them THE ELECT – invited to Geneva

Geneva Calvin created a VERY strict government/society Punishment for dancing, drinking, gambling, card playing, missing church Death for adultery, blasphemy, heresy Became model for – Huguenots in France – Puritans in England – Presbyterians in Scotland

Behavior of Calvinists VERY strict Know for hard work Saw work done right as pleasing to God Basis of Puritan life in America Vigorous activism and involvement with government and leadership Aggressive and confident

John Knox From Scotland Led Calvinist movement in Scotland Opposed King James V and Mary, Queen of Scots – Therefor… supported by Scottish Nobles Adopted as State religion in 1560

Reformation in Eastern Europe BOHEMIA – Czech majority; ruled by HRE – Hussites -> Lutherans – Czech Nobility embraced Lutheran (anti-Hapsburg) POLAND and LITHUANIA – Hugely diverse – Led to tolerance – largest section in Europe – Mostly remained or reconverted to Catholic HUNGARY – Magyars – In-fighting led to weakness – crushed and split by Ottomans