Life During War Time Life During War Time African Americans fight for their freedom

African-American Soldiers 2 nd year of the war – Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the Union army. 2 nd year of the war – Congress passed a law allowing African Americans to serve in the Union army. By war’s end, nearly 10% of the soldiers were African American. By war’s end, nearly 10% of the soldiers were African American. Separate regiments Separate regiments Suffered discrimination Suffered discrimination Smaller allowances Smaller allowances

Fort Pillow  The mortality rate of African American soldiers was much higher – why?  A “gruesome” massacre took place at a prisoner of war cam – over 200 prisoners were slaughtered just because they were fighting on the Union side.

War affects their economies The South: Confederacy soon faced a food shortage - why? Drain of manpower Loss of slaves Union occupation of food supplies Union blockade of southern ports

Northern Economic Growth: Industry boomed in the North – why? Industry boomed in the North – why? Army’s need for uniforms, Army’s need for uniforms, Shoes, guns Shoes, guns And other supplies supported mills and textile factories And other supplies supported mills and textile factories

The downside.. People took advantage of this booming economy and Corruption grew all over the north. People took advantage of this booming economy and Corruption grew all over the north. For example, businesses supplied uniforms, charged twice as much - but material was “shoddy” For example, businesses supplied uniforms, charged twice as much - but material was “shoddy” Passed spoiled meat off as fresh and demanded twice as much for guns and weapons that they made. Passed spoiled meat off as fresh and demanded twice as much for guns and weapons that they made.

Soldiers on both sides Life on “the line”: Life on “the line”: In army camps, garbage disposals and bathrooms were nonexistent In army camps, garbage disposals and bathrooms were nonexistent Although army regulations required soldiers to wash their hands everyday and bath once a week, most refused to do so. Although army regulations required soldiers to wash their hands everyday and bath once a week, most refused to do so. What would result from this? What would result from this?

Disease, lice, dysentery Disease, lice, dysentery Food or “rations” were even worse: Food or “rations” were even worse: Union troops, for example, lived on beans, bacon, and hardtack – square biscuits that were supposedly so hard they could stop a bullet. Union troops, for example, lived on beans, bacon, and hardtack – square biscuits that were supposedly so hard they could stop a bullet. Confederate troops were just as bad: Confederate troops were just as bad: Common food was “Cush” a stew of small cubes of beef and bacon grease. Common food was “Cush” a stew of small cubes of beef and bacon grease.

War Medicine What technology in medicine had been developed at that time? What technology in medicine had been developed at that time? Field Hospitals Field Hospitals Surgeons toolkits Surgeons toolkits Nurses Nurses Few doctors Few doctors

Prisons… The worst Confederate prison was known as Andersonville. The worst Confederate prison was known as Andersonville. Jammed 33,000 men into 26 acres Jammed 33,000 men into 26 acres No shelter from the sun No shelter from the sun Drank from the same stream that served as their sewer. Drank from the same stream that served as their sewer. Malnutrition was rampant – most men starved to death or froze. Malnutrition was rampant – most men starved to death or froze.

North Takes Charge!! Armies class at Gettysburg: Armies class at Gettysburg: 3-Day battle at Gettysburg was considered a turning point of the Civil War 3-Day battle at Gettysburg was considered a turning point of the Civil War 3 Day battle produced horrible losses: Union lost 23,000 men, while the south lost about 30,000 men. 3 Day battle produced horrible losses: Union lost 23,000 men, while the south lost about 30,000 men. “Fly-infested corpses” lay everywhere in the heat and the stench was said to be unbearable. “Fly-infested corpses” lay everywhere in the heat and the stench was said to be unbearable. The south would never recover from the loss. The south would never recover from the loss.

Do Now: Daily 10 Which of the following BEST describes Abraham Lincoln’s public position on slavery by 1860? A He opposed the expansion of slavery but not its existence. B He opposed both the expansion and the existence of slavery. C He supported popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery. D He believed slavery should be allowed to expand

Vicksburg Falls City of Vicksburg is located on the Mississippi River – Grant (UNION) tries to come down from the North – way too swampy.. Has another plan – Orders Officer Ben Grierson to 1ake 1700 troops on a Calvary raid to distract the Confederates – burning everything, tearing up railroads -

Plan works and Grant was able to enter from the South and march upward – He orders his troops to live off the country – called Foraging – searching and raiding for food. Grant and his troops marched 180 in 17 days, fought in 5 battles, killed over 7000 confederate troops.

Finally launches his assault In May of 1863, Grant lays siege, to cut off its food sources and bombarded the city. July 4 th, 1863, with his troops starving, Confederate Commander surrendered

By 1863, Vicksburg, Mississippi was one of the last southern holdouts By 1863, Vicksburg, Mississippi was one of the last southern holdouts General Grant laid an artillery assault from land and sea. General Grant laid an artillery assault from land and sea. This forced the residents to take shelter, - food supplies ran low and finally, on July 3 rd, 1863, the South surrendered and the army was cut in 2. This forced the residents to take shelter, - food supplies ran low and finally, on July 3 rd, 1863, the South surrendered and the army was cut in 2.

North Takes Charge!! Armies class at Gettysburg: Armies class at Gettysburg: 3-Day battle at Gettysburg was considered a turning point of the Civil War 3-Day battle at Gettysburg was considered a turning point of the Civil War 3 Day battle produced horrible losses: Union lost 23,000 men, while the south lost about 30,000 men. 3 Day battle produced horrible losses: Union lost 23,000 men, while the south lost about 30,000 men. “Fly-infested corpses” lay everywhere in the heat and the stench was said to be unbearable. “Fly-infested corpses” lay everywhere in the heat and the stench was said to be unbearable. The south would never recover from the loss. The south would never recover from the loss.

What was the impact? The disaster proved to be the turning point of the war – The disaster proved to be the turning point of the war – - Union victory strengthened the Republican party - Union victory strengthened the Republican party British would NOT recognize the Confederacy British would NOT recognize the Confederacy Rest of the war, Lee would remain on the defensive Rest of the war, Lee would remain on the defensive

Gettysburg Address In November of that same year, A ceremony was held to dedicate a cemetery in Gettysburg, PA. 1 st speaker gave a “flowery” 2 hour speech. 2 nd speaker was Lincoln who spoke for no more than 2 minutes:

Low Morale…. The South was deteriorating fast… Grant wanted to hurry up and win the war…so he appoints.. William Tecumseh Sherman. Both men believed in Total War. He promised to destroy the south’s will to fight – how would you do that?

Sherman’s March Sherman marched his men southeast through Georgia, creating a wide path of destruction and living off the land as he went. Sherman marched his men southeast through Georgia, creating a wide path of destruction and living off the land as he went. Burned most of Atlanta to the ground Savannah was next before he turned up North - met Grant - his goal? Burned most of Atlanta to the ground Savannah was next before he turned up North - met Grant - his goal? “To wipe out Lee” “To wipe out Lee” It worked – Sherman burned everything in his path as he made his way back up to North Carolina. It worked – Sherman burned everything in his path as he made his way back up to North Carolina.

Surrender at Appomattox In March of 1865, President of the Confederacy abandoned their capital. In March of 1865, President of the Confederacy abandoned their capital. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. Lee surrendered to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse. The terms were generous. The terms were generous. The Southern soldiers could go home and could kept all of their possessions The Southern soldiers could go home and could kept all of their possessions

What did the war mean for the country? What kind of changes do you think happened after the war? What kind of changes do you think happened after the war? Politically: Politically: “State’s Rights” vs. federal control is still an issue – especially how local funds are dispersed. “State’s Rights” vs. federal control is still an issue – especially how local funds are dispersed. Federal government had much more control – reached into your pockets – collected income tax – created the draft Federal government had much more control – reached into your pockets – collected income tax – created the draft

Economic changes: The economy of the northern states boomed. – why? The economy of the northern states boomed. – why? It had devastated the South. – took away the south’s source of cheap labor – slavery. It had devastated the South. – took away the south’s source of cheap labor – slavery. Before the war – the south held about half of the national wealth – now it held only 12%. Before the war – the south held about half of the national wealth – now it held only 12%.

The human costs of the war were staggering. The human costs of the war were staggering. Almost 400,000 soldiers on each side had died – Almost 400,000 soldiers on each side had died – Vets with missing limbs was common Vets with missing limbs was common Disrupted education, careers and families. Disrupted education, careers and families.

Who did the war affect most? African Americans – Lincoln felt the only legitimate thing to do was abolish slavery – became the 13 th amendment in the Constitution. African Americans – Lincoln felt the only legitimate thing to do was abolish slavery – became the 13 th amendment in the Constitution.