Histology Take home message: –Why an organism needs four tissue types – How they work together –How they aid in specific body processes. –Do NOT having.

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Presentation transcript:

Histology Take home message: –Why an organism needs four tissue types – How they work together –How they aid in specific body processes. –Do NOT having memorize specific tissue types with very little detail or understanding. (Thanks to Jen Jost (USC Biology, Helmuth Lab) for creating this Power Point Presentation)

Objectives of laboratory exercise To be able to explain the form and function of the four types of tissues. To describe how these four tissues are able to work together to form a complete organism.

Introduction to Histology Four basic tissue types: –Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous All organisms are composed of ONLY these four tissue types Tissue types are organized to form organs, which form the functional systems of the body

Epithelial tissue Pg ; slides Cells are bound tightly together Little extracellular material Often control passage of material Function: covers the internal and external surfaces of the body Four types: Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, and transitional Organized in layers: simple or stratified

Examples: Epithelial Transitional epithelial: found in the bladder Stretches as the bladder becomes full

Examples: Epithelial Simple squamous: lines blood vessels and lungs Allows for increased blood flow and increased oxygen diffusion

Examples: Epithelial Stratified squamous: lines the mouth, esophagus, cervix and skin Several layers offers protection to outer layers and membranes of body.

Examples: Epithelial Simple columnar: digestive tracts Cells mixed with goblet cells that secrete mucous to aid in digestion

ExampleLocationShape (form)Function Transitional epithelium BladderLayer with no specific shape, Cells can stretch Allow bladder to stretch as it fills Simple squamous Lungs, blood vessels Flat and thin layerIncrease flow and absorption rate through tubes Stratified squamous Skin, esophagus, mouth cervix Several layers of thin flat cells Provide protection from abrasions Simple columnar Digestive tractOne cell layer of rectangular cells mixed with goblet (mucous – producing) cells Aid in digestion with mucous production

Connective Function: Bind and support other tissues Several types: –Bone –Blood –CT proper: dense and loose –Adipose –Cartilage

Examples: Connective CT proper: –Loose: ECM –Dense: tendons and ligaments

Examples: Connective Blood –To circulate materials throughout the organism –RBC’s: contain hemoglobin to allow for oxygen to be carried to the tissues.

Examples: Connective Cartilage: vary in # of fibers –Hyaline: ribs, trachea –Elastic: ears, larynx –Fibro: spinal chord

Examples: Connective Adipose tissue: –Insulation –Storage

Muscle tissue Function: Able to contract for locomotion. Three types: skeletal, cardiac and smooth

Muscle tissue Skeletal: –voluntary, striated, multinucleate cells Muscles attached to bones for voluntary movement

Muscle tissue Smooth: –Non-striated, spindle-shaped, uni- nucleate involuntary cells Muscles found in digestive tract, respiratory tract, etc.

Muscle tissue Cardiac:involuntary, striated, branched, uni-nucleate cells Only found in the heart

Nervous tissue Function: Respond to stimuli and transmit impulses. Cells are called neurons Composed of cell body, axon and dendrites. Single cell may run up to several feet long.

Test yourself! Work with another student (pairs) Note the location in the body Identify what type of tissue is in the slide –Connective, epithelial, muscle, nervous Describe the structure (squamous, striated, etc.) and Function (exchange of materials) Guess about what disease/injury is shown Healthy tissue is on left and Diseased/ Damaged tissue is on right.

Mystery slide #1 - Coronary artery HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #2 Alveoli of lungs HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #3 Alveoli of lungs HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #4 You should know this healthy tissue - no hints HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #5 Brain HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #6 Lining of the cervix HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #7 Esophagus HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #8 Bone HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #9 Mammary gland HealthyDamaged

Mystery slide #10 Lining of the stomach HealthyDiseased

Mystery slide #11 You should recognize this healthy tissue too. HealthyDamaged

Mystery slide #12 You should recognize this healthy tissue too. HealthyDamaged