Chapter 16 World War Looms 1930’s in Europe

Dictators Threaten World Peace Russia Bolshevik Revolution-Vladimir Lenin – Democracy fails, Communism state established  Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, Soviet Union, 1922  Joseph Stalin takes control in all economic activity placed under state control -establishes great industrial power by responsible for 8 to 13 million deaths 1939 – totalitarian govt. firmly established govt. suppresses all opposition

Italy Unemployment, strikes, some communist led Middle and upper class demand stronger leadership in govt Benito Mussolini – Powerful speaker – Played on communist fears – Established Fascist Party – stressed nationalism, state interests above individual, strong central leader w/small group of devoted party members 1922 appointed head of govt. by Italian King Il Duce – “the leader”

Germany Economic depression, low public morale, loss of national pride Loss of land and colonies, disarmed military Adolf Hitler - Jobless soldier – joins National Socialist German Workers’ Party, NAZI party – Powerful public speaker, quickly became party leader – Born in Austria, wanted to unite all German- speaking people – Wanted racial “purification” Aryan race – blond haired, blue-eyed – Master Race

NAZI Party - Nazism Based on extreme nationalism and racism Master Race – Aryans National Expansion – believed Germany needed more land German people desperate – looked to Hitler as their last hope Hitler appointed chancellor, dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic Third Reich - – Third German Empire

HITLER AS A SOLDIER IN WWI

MEIN KAMPF My Struggle BOOK BY HITLER ON HIS POLITICAL VIEWS. IN THE BOOK HE BLAMED JEWS AND COMMUNISTS FOR ALL OF GERMANY'S PROBLEMS Cover page of German editions of Mein Kampf, written in 1924 while Hitler was imprisoned for staging a revolt

NAZI propaganda depicting the ideal Aryan member of the Master Race

Japan Military leaders take control of imperial govt Militarists seize control of Manchuria (Chinese Province) League of Nations investigates, condemns Japan, Japan withdraws from League League does nothing Who’s watching this situation? – Hitler – Mussolini

Spain Civil War 1936 Francisco Franco rebelled against Spanish republic Western democracies remained neutral Soviet Union sent equipment Hitler and Mussolini backed Franco’s forces – Alliance formed – Franco’s forces win, Fascist dictator in control

American Isolationism Initially FDR was comfortable reaching out to other countries FDR recognizes the Soviet Union, agreed to exchange ambassadors Congress wanted isolationism 1935 Neutrality Acts – Outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war in civil war – Said since Japan hadn’t officially declared war on China, U.S. could still send arms and supplies to China